Dr. Anurita Kapur, M.D. is the niece of His Excellency, Honorable Ambassador Arthur Lall, Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations. Arthur Lall is the paternal cousin of her mother Mrs. Rochelle Sheila David-Kapur who is a retired diplomat. H.E. Amb. Arthur Lall has always been closely involved in Anurita's family's occasions. Among many, many distinguished family members of Anurita that are VVIP's & dignitaries, High Commissioners, Indian Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force officials, H.E. Amb. Arthur Lall was also present with his special blessings for Anurita at her wedding ceremonies (a traditional Hindu ceremony and a traditional Christian ceremony held in New Delhi, India in 1995 and he was also present at her wedding reception held in New Jersey in 1995 to her medical doctor husband (who is a Brahmin, Hindu, Punjabi from New Delhi, India). The meaning of Brahmin (ब्राह्मण) is a term for a scholar class in the traditional Hindu societies of India. Brahman refers to the Supreme Self. Brahmin (or Brahmana) refers toan individual belonging to the Hindu priest class (varna or pillar of the society) and also to an individual belonging to the Brahmin tribe/caste into which an individual is born. Because the priest is knowledgeable about Brahma (the God), and is responsible for religious rituals in temples and homes and is a person authorized after rigorous training in vedas (sacred texts of knowledge) and religious rituals and provide advice and impart knowledge of God to members of the society and assist in attainment of moksha, the liberation from life cycle; the priest class is called "Brahmin varna." Brahmin priests were engaged in attaining the highest spiritual knowledge (brahmavidya) of Brahman (God) and adhered to different branches (shakhas) of Vedas. Brahmin priest is responsible for religious rituals in temples and homes of Hindus and is a person authorized after rigorous training in vedas and sacred rituals, and as a liaison between humans and the God. In general, as family vocations and businesses are inherited, priesthood used to be inherited among Brahmin priest families, as it requires years of practice of vedas from childhood after proper introduction to student life through a religious initiation called upanayana at the age of about five.). Anurita’s husband is also a medical doctor M.D., M.B.B.S. and B.S. (Surgery) a topper of Maulana Azad Medical College (which is one of the top 10 best medical colleges in the country in New Delhi, India). He completed his residency and fellowship trainings in the United States at several Ivy League Hospitals medical programs. He is highly skilled and trained in the field of medicine he is Board Certified in Pediatrics, he is a Super-specialist and Board Certified in Perinatal Medicine, and a Super-specialist and Board Certified in Neonatal Medicine. His super-specialties involve critical care and intensive care medical work for premature newborns. He had been directly involved in several lifesaving cases of premature newborns in the U.S. He provides comprehensive care for critically ill premature and full-term infants from birth until discharge from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). He works by providing antenatal consultation in the context of pre-term labor or a fetus who has one or more congenital anomalies that require preparation for the birth and coordination of services. In addition to the day-to-day management of critically ill infants, he also attends high-risk deliveries, providing supportive care of infants from birth, and frequently performs technical procedures such as endotracheal intubation and placement of central venous and arterial catheters. He also provides long-term follow-up of high-risk infants, and care of infants who require Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), and care for lower-risk newborns in the newborn nursery and later care at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). A broad spectrum of clinical problems affect infants in the NICU, including conditions associated with pre-term birth, difficulties in the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life, and serious congenital anomalies, including congenital heart disease. Beyond intensive care medicine and technical procedures, his role also importantly includes family counseling to assist families and the NICU team in addressing and coping with uncertainties in the infant's prognosis, the appropriate course of medical care, and/or ethical dilemmas. He is a practicing physician with a United States Medical licence. He is a champion and an all rounder in the game of cricket and played state level for his medical school in New Delhi, India and continues to be a captain in the U.S. for his cricket team. Anurita and her medical doctor husband have a beautiful daughter together named Reeteka. Amb. Arthur Lall was also present to give his special blessings to their daughter Reeteka. Anurita always called H.E. Ambassador Lall 'Mamaji' (which means maternal uncle - brother of Anurita's mother). H.E. Amb. Lall was chosen to be an Indian Ambassador by our first Indian Prime Minister, Honorable Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru in 1950's. His wife was Dr. Betty Lall (Anurita's Aunt), who ran for U.S. Congresswoman in New York City but lost in 1953. H.E. Hon. Amb. Arthur Lall ; A diplomat for all seasons (1911-1998) CERTAIN personal qualities, apart from a keen intellect and a ready wit, are essential for success in a diplomatic career. A perpetual smile on the face and a sense of humour are two of these. Arthur Lall, the first ever Indian ambassador, had it all. Dr. Betty Lall gave able support to her husband. On a warm, pleasant day, if one happens to stroll down the streets of New York, be it uptown, midtown or downtown, the chances were that one would meet them. The last time this writer had such a downtown encounter, Arthur Lall said, "It is nice to see you still here. Look how wonderful the day is and how everyone here likes to talk. What a difference between here and back home." Betty Lall nodded approvingly. Arthur Lall, 87 at the time of his death on September 13, will be sorely missed whether it be an Independence Day gathering, an Indian function or a small private cocktail or dinner reception. He was one of the most pleasant personalities one met in New York. Whenever he was called upon to say something to an audience, he compelled attention with his amusing anecdotes and a quaintness of humour that never failed him. Arthur Lall was among a handful of Indian Civil Service (ICS) officers who were handpicked by Jawaharlal Nehru for responsibilities abroad. His immense erudition was attained at Balliol College, Oxford, after he obtained a firm grounding at home on all basic subjects. Nehru was a strong critic of the ICS officers but he relied heavily on bright young people belonging to the ICS cadre in building the foreign service. Arthur Lall measured up to Nehru's expectations. UNITED NATIONS H.E. Amb. Arthur Lall at the United Nations in 1957. Another mentor of H.E. Amb. Arthur Lall was V.K. Krishna Menon, who took him as his assistant during the famous United Nations Security Council debates on Kashmir in the 1950s and on Goa in the early 1960s. Krishna Menon inducted Arthur Lall into U.N. related work from his position as the Consul-General for India in New York. For several years after Krishna Menon faded out Arthur Lall, as the chief Indian delegate and Ambassador, waged many a diplomatic battle for India at the United Nations. But his style was different from that of his mentor: he was the permanently smiling Permanent Representative at the U.N. and he created the same effect in his adversaries. After retiring from the foreign service, Amb. Arthur Lall became a Professor at Cornell University and later at Columbia, teaching international relations and diplomacy. H.E. Amb. Arthur Lall's mentor was Vengalil Krishnan Krishna Menon (3 May 1896 – 6 October 1974) was an Indian nationalist, diplomat and statesman, described as the second most powerful man in India by Time magazine and others, after his ally and intimate friend, Jawaharlal Nehru. Described as "vitriolic, intolerant, impatient, and exigent – yes, but generous, sensitive, considerate, a great teacher too, and a great man" by Lord Listowell, the last British secretary of state for India, Menon was an influential and controversial figure on the world scene, and the architect of the Third Bloc foreign policy of non-alignment. He headed India's diplomatic missions to both the United Kingdom and United Nations, and was repeatedly elected to both houses of the Indian Parliament from multiple constituencies, serving as Defence Minister from 1957 to 1962. Menon cofounded Penguin Books in 1935 with Sir Allen Lane, and also created the Sainik Schools. He is the first Malayalee to have won the Padma Vibhushan. He was the High Commissioner to the United Kingdom. He was Minister of Defence. He was at the United Nations Diplomacy and Non-Alignment. In 1952, Menon accepted the command of the Indian delegation to the United Nations, a position he would hold until 1962. He earned a reputation for brilliance in the UN, frequently engineering elegant solutions to complex international political issues, including a peace plan for Korea, a ceasefire in Indo-China, the deadlocked disarmament talks, and the French withdrawal from the UN over Algeria. |
| Brigadier Nand Lal Kapur, M.C. (Dr. Anurita Kapur's paternal uncle her father's eldest brother "Tauji"). |
| The South African Military History Society - Die Suid-Afrikaanse Krygshistoriese Vereniging http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol131nk.html Military History Journal Vol 13 No 1 - June 2004 OBITUARY: Brigadier Nand lal Kapur MC (Indian Army retired) The Military History Society recently sustained a great loss with the death of Brigadier Nand Lal Kapur MC (Indian Army retired). He was a very good friend to all of us and added to the prestige of the Society by his attendance at our meetings during the three years of his sojourn in South Africa. Brigadier Kapur was commissioned in the Indian Land Forces in 1941 and was posted to the 4th Battalion (Outram's Rifles), 6th Rajputana Rifles, which was serving with the 10th Indian Division at Mersa Matruh in the Western Desert. He had a swift introduction to the realities of modern war - three weeks after his arrival, he took part in the battle of Matruh, 26-27 June 1942. During the breakout from Matruh, he decided to avoid the coast road and brought his company back to El Alamein. In mid-July 1942, the 5th Indian Brigade was in the front-line near Ruweisat Ridge and was involved in heavy fighting. On 17 July 1942, Lt Nand Lal Kapur took part in and commanded an extremely hazardous operation, during which his company came under fire from German tanks. Ordering his men to lie down, he walked up and down in front of them, causing the commander of the tanks to suspect a trap. The situation remained unchanged until dark, when Lt Kapur withdrew his company. His courage earned him the Military Cross. Nand Lal Kapur also took part in the second battle of El Alamein, the battles of Mareth Line and the storming of the Wadi Akarit position. He was wounded during the attack on Djebel Garci. During his recovery, he was appointed ADC to the Viceroy of India, Field Marshal the Viscount (later Earl) Wavell. This was a considerable honour to him and his regiment. In January 1944, Nand Lal Kapur returned to battle with the 4th Indian Division in Italy and fought at Monte Cassino. After Cassino, he returned to India with his regiment and, immediately after the war, trained as a paratrooper. Thereafter, he became the first Indian military attache to Kabul and later commanded a Gorkha* battalion. He held the post of Military Secretary to the Chief of Staff of the Indian Army and ended his career in command of a Gorkha brigade. Nand Lal Kapur enriched our lives and we benefitted enormously from his wide and deep knowledge of military matters. He also helped to make the Society known to a wider audience and enhanced the cultural perspectives of our members. To use Kipling's words, we hope that his gods will reward him for this widening of our world view. We extend our deepest condolences to his family. Hamish Paterson Education Officer/Curator of Artillery South African National Museum of Military History * In February 1949, the term 'Gorkha' was adopted by the Indian Army. |
| Dr. Anurita Kapur's Father's family background is from Hindu-Kshatriya. The meaning of Kshatriya, is from (holder of) Kshatra (rule or authority), is one of the four varnas (social orders) in Hinduism. Traditionally, Kshatriya constitute the ruling and military elite of the Vedic-Hindu social system, as outlined by the Vedas and the Laws of Manu. They were in charge of the protection of the Hindu society by fighting in wartime and governing in peacetime. The major branches of Kshatriya varna are: Suryavanshi (solar line), claiming direct descent from Surya; Chandravanshi (lunar line), claiming descent from a Chandravanshi dynasty, and descent from Chandra; Agnivanshi, a descent from Agni; and Nagavanshi, claiming descent from the Nāgas. In Sanskrit akṣatra, means ruling; one of the ruling order member of the Kṣhatriya caste having: ("realm, power"), ("royal"), and ("emperor") are related to it, as are the New Persian words šāh ("emperor") and šahr ("city", "realm"), "king" or "monarch," and "knight" or "warrior", are also derived from it. The term may also denote aristocratic status. Dr. Anurita Kapur, M.D.’s paternal grand father (Anurita's father’s dad “Dadaji”), Dr. Kanhaiya Lal Kapur, M.D., M.B.B.S., FRCP, DCH London. He was a graduate of Cambridge University, London, England. He served the British Army as a Medical Doctor during World War I. Dr. Kanhaiya Lal Kapur was recognized and awarded Honor by the Queen of England. Later, he served in the Indian Medical Service for the Indian Army and settled in Nainital, India (his acres of ancestral property and home still exists in Nainital). His father (Anurita's great-grandfather) was Shree Nanak Chand Kapur was a Wazir in Paryag, Uttar Pradesh (UP), India. He was a very wealthy man owning properties in (U.P.) Paryag, Bela Pratap Garh and Allahbad in U.P. India. Dr. Anurita Kapur, M.D.’s paternal uncle (Anurita's father’s oldest brother “Tauji”) Brigadier Nand Lal Kapur, (MC, 4th Batt. (Outrams), Rajputana Rifles). He graduated from the Joint Services Command and The Royal Staff College in Camberley, England. He was a recipient of the Military Cross Award for his bravery in World War II. Joint Services Command and Staff College (JSCSC) is a British military academic establishment providing training and education to experienced officers of the Royal Navy, Army, Royal Air Force, Ministry of Defence Civil Service, and serving officers of other states. JSCSC combined the single service provision of the British Armed Forces: Royal Naval College, Greenwich, Staff College, Camberley, RAF Staff College, Bracknell, and the Joint Service Defence College,Greenwich. Initially formed at Bracknell in 1997, the college moved to a purpose-built facility in the grounds of the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom at Watchfield in Oxfordshire in 2000, and is now co-located with the Defence College of Management and Technology, Shrivenham. Command, Control and Organisation. The Joint Services Command and Staff College (JSCSC) trains the future commanders and staff officers of all three UK Armed Services and those of many countries around the world, supporting the operational effectiveness of all three Services. JSCSC is a component of the Defence Academy and the Commandant is a full member of the DA Management Board, reporting to the Director of the Defence Academy. The Commandant is a two-starappointment (rear admiral, major general or air vice marshal) and can be filled by candidates from each of the three services. Within JSCSC itself each service is represented by a one-star Assistant Commandant (Maritime, Land, and Air), each with responsibility for both single service issues and delivery of training. The Dean of Academic Studies leads King's College London's Defence Studies Department, which provides theoretical and conceptual academic education in partnership with the military directing staff. The college crest features a cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), a symbol of all three armed services; Britain's largest seabird flies, swims on the sea surface and catches its fish underwater, yet builds its nest on dry land (either on cliffs or in riverside trees). The Cormorant was derived from the symbol of the Joint Service Defence College. The Alumni Association of the college, open to graduates of the Higher Command and Staff Course, the Advanced Command and Staff Course and staff, is named the Cormorant club. Brigadier Nand Lal Kapur also Headed the Indian Republic Day Parade Ceremony for several years in (the capital city) New Delhi, India. The India Republic Day Celebration is held every year on January 26th, it is the largest celebration for the nation and broadcasted live for the entire India to watch on television. |
| MORE INFORMATION AND PICTURES TO BE POSTED SOON |
Dr. Anurita Kapur, M.D.’s mother Princess Rochelle Sheila David Jaswant Singh Kapur is a graduate in Education from Isabella Thoburn College ("IT College") in Lucknow, India (Isabella Thoburn College is a well renowned & prestigious college for women in Asia). Rochelle is a retired diplomat. Now she is an Indian- American living in the U.S. In the past, she had also worked for the other international agencies such as: * She worked as an Officer interacting with several international embassies, namely, the Kuwait Embassy in New Delhi, India for Ambassador Alsabah Al- Rashid (Cousin of the Prince of Kuwait from the Royal Family) and Mr. Mustafa the Military Attache and Mr. Suleiman Abu Ghosh, First Secretary. She was the only Indian woman posted by the Indian Government in late 1960's as the Editor & Chief of International editorials. * She also worked with the United States Information Services (U.S. Embassy in New Delhi, India) as Assistant Editor & Chief responsible for all U.S. Literature, information and correspondence all over India. Her special interests, trainings and activities were: Softball, Volleyball, Badminton, Hockey, Javelin throws, Discuss throw, Shortputt throw, Archery, running, trained for dancing kathak, folk dance and ballroom dancing, Singing in choir and soloist. A champion in swimming. Dr. Anurita Kapur’s maternal grand father (Nana ji) her mother’s father, their only son named PRINCE ATHELSTON DAVID JASWANT SINGH was married to Ms. EVELYN FELICIA SAMPSON (Dr. Anurita Kapur’s (Nani ji) maternal-grand-mother her mother’s real mother) who was the daughter of Christian religious heads from Kanpur (Cawnpore), India. Anurita’s Nana ji, Prince Athelston David Jaswant Singh, continued to live in Delhi. He invested in properties and businesses. He started a company called, Eastern Arts Gallery, this showroom gallery was located on Taj Road, near the world famous, ‘Taj Mahal’ in Agra. Eastern Arts Gallery, specialized in expensive precious gems: Pearls (Moti), Corals (Moonga), Emeralds (Panna), Yellow Sapphires (Pukhraj), Diamonds (Heera), Blue Saphires (Neelam), Rubies (Manik) and Nine-Gems (Nav-Ratan) Jewelery. Precious metals: Platinum, Gold (sona), Silver (chandi) and Ivory crafts work (elephant tusks are known as Ivory {Ivory work is now banned by the Indian Government - Ministry of Environment and Forests to preserve elephants under the wildlife Protection Act.}). Eastern Arts Gallery, specialized in jewelery, handi-crafts & arts work with only precious jewels, precious metals and ivory. |
| Mrs.Tara Devi Malhotra-Kapur, Attorney Krishan Lal Kapur, Dr. Brij Kapur |
| Dr. Kanhaiya Lal Kapur, M.D., M.B.B.S. FRCP, DCH London and his wife Mrs. Tara Devi Malhotra-Kapur |
| Anurita Kapur's childhood picture, her mother Rochelle Sheila David-Kapur and Anurita's baby brother. |
| Mr. Moti Lal Kapur (Dr. Anurita Kapur's father) |
BRIGADIER NAND LAL KAPUR, M.C. (click here on this link to read moreinformation) http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol131nk.html |
RAJA Saheb Chandramani Kant Singh - King of Bhinga, a very close childhood friend of Anurita's father. |
| DR. ANURITA KAPUR'S PERSONAL ACHIEVEMENTS Dr. Anurita Kapur, M.D., specializes in Neuro & Psychiatry. Anurita's clinical interests in the field of medicine are in Psychiatry, Neurosurgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery. Anurita's expertise in medical administration is creating and operating Rural Health Clinics in Health Physician Shortage Areas. Anurita will be doing charity medical work projects with many governments of the underdeveloped countries by putting up medical camps and Rural Healh Hospitals for the poor free of cost. Anurita's goal is to advance cures, and means of prevention, catastrophic diseases through research and treatment. Treatment for the victims of trauma to the head, in addition to treating patients with cancerous or benign brain tumors that need to be surgically removed and variety of other issues that are treated by neurosurgeons. New advancements and techniques are being developed to help neurosurgeons treat a number of neurological issues that can be traced to physiological abnormalities that can be repaired via surgery. Anurita is dedicated to promoting mental health, preventing mental disorders and achieving victory over mental illnesses through advocacy education, ....... ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Anurita conducts speeches for many high-level dignitaries/people and world renowned organizations including at the United Nations. IF YOU HAVE A CAUSE AND NEED TO BE HEARD, YOU MAY CONTACT US TO HAVE ANURITA CONDUCT SPEECHES FOR YOUR ORGANIZATION. Anurita has received over 600,000 worldwide endorsements, recommendations and commendations from (all age groups) which includes: People of all statuses, Professional Affiliations, Medical Doctors, High-Level International World Leaders, Religious Heads, Royal Highnesses Majesties, Kings, Queens, Princes and Princesses. Anurita was endorsed for having kind, humble and highly classy personal mannerisms and successful Professional Skills and Expertises. Anurita’s SKILLS & EXPERTISES endorsed were: (1) Excellent leadership & organizational skills; (2) Excellent abilities to work and motivate people to work as a team towards progress; (3) Excellent judgment skills to make things work out for progress even in a negative environment; (4) Excellent abilities to create and make things viable for progress and success; (5) Excellent abilities in working in humanitarian causes to help people selflessly; (6) Excellent in finding and giving solutions to complex problems and make it successful; (7) Excellent in not dwelling on negativity and thinking positive in every situation; (8) Excellent in helping people and understanding their problems and needs; (9) Excellent in having abilities to want to make the world a better place to live “ so no one is left behind”. (10) Excellent qualities & having an in-built ability for sharing & caring for humanity and wanting to help in all situations without expecting anything in return, except to attain inner-peace as a reward; (11) A Self-driven, dynamic, motivated person, a thinker and taking challenges to fix things that are not fixable or difficult in nature; (12) Excellent to co-exist peacefully amongst the most difficult situations; (13) Excellent in giving awareness to people, how to end their short-comings and become progressive; (14) Excellent in learning new things and solving problems – as if it is a second nature within; (15) Excellent skills in working with all levels of people and nationalities and bringing them together for peace; (16) Excellent skills in blending with all types of cultures & people nationally and internationally. (17) Excellent orator skills, an eloquent gift in public speaking. (18) Excellent skills of deep knowledge & intelligence in her field of medicine & business world and overall excels in all aspects of life. (19) Excellent in having many inbuilt abilities including Patience, humility, compassion, kindness, respect & love for all. (20) Excels in creating unique robust systems to improve in all aspects of life & business for progress. (21) Outstanding and great Charismatic Personality. (22) Exceedingly high and above average intelligence person. (23) Endorsements with Comments: "Dr. Anurita Kapur is an exceptional human being and a very competent yet compassionate leader. Wish there were more like her in this world." (24) Many more of Anurita's endorsements with some comments by the worldwide great personalities from the above categories to be added here. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Anurita sings songs voluntarily at many events. She enjoys singing American and Indian songs. Singing is her childhood hobby. As a young child, she received formal training in school for singing American religious songs (gospel songs). She sings voluntarily (she has never taken any money for her singing) at Events and donates her voice for God singing at Temples, at Events: religious, political & other for a good cause. Anurita will donate all her Events & CD's sales collected funds to God's Temples, Good Cause Charities and for World Peace. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Anurita received formal training in school for playing three musical instruments: guitar, clarinet and trumpet and performed for the school band playing these musical instruments at special events. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Anurita Kapur is fluent in conversing, reading & writing Hindi (हिंदी), Sanskrit (संस्कृतम्) (Sanskrit is a scholarly language that is used in all Indian Vedas and Hindu Holy Scriptures). Anurita comprehends & can converse in Urdu, Punjabi, Bhojpuri, Purabia, & many other Indian dialects. ANURITA EXPLAINS ABOUT EACH LANGUAGE IN DETAIL BELOW: Hindi (हिन्दी), also known as Hindustani is more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (मानक हिन्दी), is a standardized and Sanskritized register of the Hindustani language. Hindustani is the official native language of Hindustan, in areas like: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan. Hindustani writing is in Devanagari Script it is part of the Brahmic family of scripts of India. Devanagari scripts are first attested from the 7th century CE; from c. 1200 CE these gradually replaced Siddham, which survived as a vehicle for Tantric Buddhism in East Asia, and Sharada, which remained in parallel use in Kashmir. An early version of Devanagari is visible in the Kutila inscription of Bareilly dated to Vikram Samvat 1049 (i.e. 992 CE), which demonstrates the emergence of the horizontal bar to group letters belonging to a word. Hindi is the fourth-most-widely spoken language in the world, but this includes not only Hindu speakers of Hindustani, but also people who identify as native speakers of related languages who consider their speech to be a dialect of Hindi, the Hindi belt. In the 2001 Indian census, 258 million (258,000,000) people in India reported Hindi to be their native language; as of 2009, the best figure Ethnologue could find for speakers of actual Hindustani Hindi (effectively the Khariboli dialect less Urdu) was 180 million in 1991. Sanskrit (in Sanskrit: संस्कृतम्, originally संस्कृता वाक् , meaning "refined speech") is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, a philosophical language in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and a scholarly literary language that was in use as a lingua franca in the Indian cultural zone. Sanskrit has been used since, The Vedic period (from ca.1750–500 BCE) was the period in Indian history during which the Vedas, the oldest scriptures of Hinduism, were composed. Hinduism is the oldest religions of Hindustan (India). It is a standardized dialect of Old Indo-Aryan language, originating as Vedic Sanskrit and tracing its linguistic ancestry back to Proto-Indo-Iranian and ultimately to Proto-Indo-European. Today it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand. Sanskrit holds a prominent position in Indo-European studies. The corpus of Sanskrit literature encompasses a rich tradition of poetry and drama as well as scientific, technical, philosophical and dharma texts. Sanskrit continues to be widely used as a ceremonial language in Hindu religious rituals and Buddhist practice in the forms of hymns and mantras. Spoken Sanskrit has been revived in some villages with traditional institutions, and there are attempts at further popularization. Bhojpuri (भोजपुरी) script was written in Kaithi (कैथी) scripts, it is the name of a historical script used widely in parts of North India, primarily in the former North-Western Provinces, Awadh (Perso-Arabic) and Bihar. But after 1894, Devanagari has served as the primary script. Kaithi script was used for administrative purposes in the Mughal era for writing Bhojpuri, Awadhi, Maithili, Urdu, Magahi and Hindi from at least 16th century up to the first decade of 20th century. The Bhojpuri Language Family is: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Eastern, Bihari and Bhojpuri. It is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Bhojpuri region of North India and Nepal and Avawadhi-speaking regions such as UP, MP & Delhi. It is chiefly spoken in the Purvanchal region of Uttar Pradesh, in the western part of state of Bihar, and the northwestern part of Jharkhand in India. Bhojpuri is also spoken widely in Guyana, Suriname, Fiji, Mauritius and Trinidad and Tobago. It is one of the national languages of Fiji. Punjabi (in Gurmukhi script: (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by 130 million native speakers worldwide, making it the 9th most widely spoken language (2013) in the world. It is the native language of the Punjabi people who inhabit the historical Punjab region of Pakistan and India. It is the only tonal language among the Indo-Aryan languages. The Holy Book of Sikhism, The Guru Granth Sahib is written in Gurmukhi Script Letters. Punjabi is the fourth most spoken language in England and Wales and third most spoken in Canada. The language also has a significant presence in the United Arab Emirates, United States of America, Saudi Arabia, and Australia. The influence of Punjabi as a cultural language in the Indian Subcontinent is increasing day by day due to Bollywood. Most Bollywood movies now have Punjabi vocabulary mixed in, along with a few songs fully sung in Punjabi. At any point in time, Punjabi songs in Bollywood movies now account for more than 50% of the top of the charts listings. Urdu language alphabets are in Perso-Arabic script (اُردُو). It is derived from the same Turkic word ordu (army) that has given English horde. From the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire until the British Raj, Hindustani, written in the Urdu script, was the language of both Hindus and Muslims. Urdu Language family originated from: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central Zone (Hindi), Western Hindi, Hindustani, Khariboli and Urdu. Urdu is an official language in the following regions: In India; in the following states and union territories: Delhi (Capital Territory), Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Telangana and In Pakistan. Anurita is fluent in conversing, reading & writing in English. English (written script: ABCD) is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca. It is spoken as a first language by the majority populations of several sovereign states, including the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and a number of Caribbean nations; and it is an official language of almost 60 sovereign states. It is the third-most-common native language in the world, after Mandarin Chinese and Spanish. It is widely learned as a second language and is an official language of the European Union, many Commonwealth countries and the United Nations, as well as in many world organizations. English arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and what is now southeast Scotland. Following the extensive influence of Great Britain and the United Kingdom from the 17th to mid-20th centuries through the British Empire, it has been widely propagated around the world. Through the spread of American-dominated media and technology, English has become the leading language of international discourse and the lingua franca in many regions. Historically, English originated from the fusion of closely related dialects, now collectively termed Old English, which were brought to the eastern coast of Great Britain by Germanic settlers (Anglo-Saxons) by the 5th century; the word English is derived from the name of the Angles, and ultimately from their ancestral region of Angeln (in what is now Schleswig-Holstein). The language was also influenced early on by the Old Norse language through Viking invasions in the 9th and 10th centuries. Anurita also studied the International Language French (Français) formally in school for 10 years. French (le français is a Romance language, belonging to the Indo-European family that is an official language in 29 countries, most of which form la francophonie (in French), the community of French- speaking countries. It is an official language of all United Nations agencies and of a large number of international organizations, including the European Union, NATO, WTO, and the ICRC. In 2011, French was deemed by Bloomberg Businessweek to be one of the top three most useful languages for business, behind English and Chinese, but ahead of Spanish and other European languages. French is spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the provinces of Quebec, Ontario and New Brunswick (Acadia region) in Canada, also in Haiti, the Acadiana region of the U.S. state of Louisiana, the northern parts of the U.S. states of Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont in the New England region, and by various communities elsewhere. Other speakers of French, who often speak it as a second language, are distributed throughout many parts of the world, the largest numbers of whom reside in Francophone Africa. In Africa, French is most commonly spoken in Gabon (where 80% report fluency), Mauritius (78%), Algeria (75%), Senegal and Côte d'Ivoire (70%). French is estimated as having 110 million native speakers and 190 million more second language speakers. French is an Italic language descended from the spoken Latin language of the Roman Empire, as are languages such as Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Romanian, Lombard, Catalan, Sicilian and Sardinian. Its closest relatives are the other langues d'oïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in Belgium, which French has largely supplanted. French was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Roman Gaul and by the (Germanic) Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders. Today, owing to France's past overseas expansion, there are numerous French-based creole languages, most notably Haitian. According to France's Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, 77 million in Europe speak French natively. Outside of France, the highest numbers of French speakers are found in Canada (25% of the population, of whom most live in Quebec), Belgium (45% of the population), Switzerland (20% of the population) and Luxembourg. In 2013, the Ministry identified French as the second most spoken language in Europe, after German and before English. Twenty percent of non-Francophone Europeans know how to speak French,[clarification needed] totaling roughly 145.6 million people in Europe alone. As a result of extensive colonial ambitions of France and Belgium (at that time governed by a French- speaking elite), between the 17th and 20th centuries, French was introduced to colonies in the Americas, Africa, Polynesia, the Levant, Southeast Asia, and the Caribbean. French is an official language in the following African countries, most of them former French or Belgian colonies: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea (former colony of Spain), Gabon, Guinea, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Togo. In addition, French is an administrative language and widely used, though not on an official basis, in Mauritius, where approximately 78% of the population speak French. French is also spoken in the Maghreb states: Algeria, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia. Anurita took formal training in the Universal Language of Music (♩ ♪ ♫ ♬ ♭ ♮ ♯) reading and writing musical notes. Musical symbols are the marks and symbols, used since about the 13th century in the musical notation of musical scores, styles, and instruments, in order to describe pitch, rhythm, tempo – and, to some degree, its articulation (e.g. a composition in its fundamentals). Music notation or musical notation is any system used to visually represent aurally perceived music through the use of written symbols, including ancient or modern musical symbols. Although many ancient cultures used symbols to represent melodies, none of them is nearly as comprehensive as written language, limiting the knowledge of ancient music to a few fragments. Comprehensive music notation began to be developed in Europe in the Middle Ages and has been adapted to many kinds of music worldwide. The universal key or universal scale is a concept employed in music theory in which specific notes or chord symbols in a key signature are replaced with numbers or Roman numerals, allowing for a discussion describing relationships between notes or chords that can be universally applied to all key signatures. The musical notes are consist of various systems such as: (1) Music theorists sometimes use mathematics to understand music, and although music has no axiomatic foundation in modern mathematics, mathematics is "the basis of sound" and sound itself "in its musical aspects... exhibits a remarkable array of number properties", simply because nature itself "is amazingly mathematical". Though ancient Chinese, Egyptians and Mesopotamians are known to have studied the mathematical principles of sound, the Pythagoreans of ancient Greece were the first researchers known to have investigated the expression of musical scales in terms of numerical ratios, particularly the ratios of small integers. Their central doctrine was that "all nature consists of harmony arising out of numbers". The attempt to structure and communicate new ways of composing and hearing music has led to musical applications of set theory, abstract algebra and number theory. (2) Diatonic and chromatic are terms in music theory that are most often used to characterize scales, and are also applied to musical instruments, intervals, chords, notes, musical styles, and kinds of harmony. They are very often used as a pair, especially when applied to contrasting features of the common practice music of the period 1600–1900. (3) Ghost note, (4) Grace note, (5) Interval, (music) (6) Money note, (7) Musical temperament, (8) Musical tone (9) Note value, (10) Pensato (11) Solfege. As a child, Anurita also formally learned to read and write a Global Language of Shorthand ( ) Shorthand is an Arte of Shorte, Swifte and Secrete Writing by Character - it is an abbreviated symbolic writing method that increases speed and brevity of writing as compared to a normal method of writing a language. The process of writing in shorthand is called stenography, from the Greek stenos (narrow) and graphē or graphie (writing). It has also been called brachygraphy, from Greek brachys (short) and tachygraphy, from Greek tachys (swift, speedy), depending on whether compression or speed of writing is the goal. The classical Antiquity is the earliest known indication of shorthand systems is from Ancient Greece – namely, the Parthenon – in which a stone from mid-4th century BC was found. The oldest datable reference is a contract from Middle Egypt, stating that Oxyrhynchos gives the "semeiographer" Apollonios. In Ancient Rome, Marcus Tullius Tiro (103–4 BC), a slave and later a freedman of Cicero, developed the Tironian notes so he could write down Cicero's speeches. The Tironian notes consisted of Latin word stem abbreviations (notae) and of word ending abbreviations (titulae). In Imperial China, clerks used an abbreviated, highly cursive form of Chinese characters to record court proceedings and criminal confessions. In Modern Europe, an interest in shorthand or "short-writing" developed towards the end of the 16th century in England. Shelton's system became very popular and is well known because it was used by Samuel Pepys for his diary and for many of his official papers, such as his letter copy books. It was also used by Sir Isaac Newton in some of his notebooks. Sir Isaac Newton PRS MP was an English physicist and mathematician who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution. In Germany, Heinrich Roller, invented a German shorthand system. Modern-looking geometric shorthand was introduced with John Byrom's New Universal Shorthand of 1720. Samuel Taylor published a similar system in 1786, the first English shorthand system to be used all over the English-speaking world. Thomas Gurney published Brachygraphy in the mid-18th century. In 1834 in German, Franz Xaver Gabelsberger published his Gabelsberger shorthand. Gabelsberger based his shorthand on the shapes used in German cursive handwriting rather than on the geometrical shapes that were common in the English stenographic tradition. Despite being 175 years old Pitman's shorthand is still relevant today and used by thousands of journalists, executive PAs and secretaries across the world. In Europe, particularly in Great Britain there are thousands of educational institutions teaching Pitman's famous shorthand. In Modern Japan, Japanese pen shorthand began in 1882, transplanted from the American Pitman-Graham system. Japanese motions of writing gave some influence to our shorthand. We are proud to have reached the highest speed in capturing spoken words with a pen. Major pen shorthand systems are Shuugiin, Sangiin, Nakane, Waseda and Sokutaipu. As a child, Anurita learned Speed Typing she excels here with a 90-100 Words Per Minute Speed in Typing. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Anurita Kapur is the National President of Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) for Women she handles women's issues in the U.S.A., Canada & many other countries. NCP is headed by Honorable Chief Minister of Maharashtra & Cabinet Minister Sharad Pawar Sahab in New Delhi, India. He is one of the most powerful and wealthiest cabinet minister in India. He is also the President of International Cricket Council. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Anurita Kapur is a supporter of Indian Congress Party in India and in the U.S. Indian Congress Party is headed by our Chairperson Honorable Sonia Gandhi and Honorable Rahul Gandhi who is the General Secretary of the Party. Among many other congress leaders of the Congress Party are: Honorable Raja Saheb Digvijay Singh, Dr. Karan Singh (Maharaja of Jammu & Kashmir. His father was (Emperor) Maharaja Hari Singh and mother Empress Tara Devi, the Emperors of Jammu & Kashmir) and many more members. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Anurita Kapur is the Founder and President of Universal Peace Organization (U.P.O.). U.P.O. is a worldwide organization it is affiliated with over 52 countries. Anurita's mission through U.P.O. is to give education awareness to the people around the world. Anurita's slogan is, "Light the world with modern education." ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Anurita Kapur is the Founder & President of DR. ANURITA KAPUR FOUNDATION under whose umbrella she has created a branch known as, "GLOBAL HEALTH ORGANIZATION (G.H.O.)". Anurita's mission is to setup Medical Camps and Rural Health Hospitals in the villages of the underdeveloped countries and give medical treatment free of cost to the poor. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In past years, Dr. Anurita Kapur has done a lot of pro bono work for the villages of India by helping to create rural health clinics free of cost for the poor. This charity work was done jointly with medical doctors and past President of APPI (one of the largest American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin). Mission: to facilitate and enable Indian American Physicians to excel in patient care, teaching and research and to pursue their aspirations in professional and community affairs. Motto: is Unity of Purpose, Collegiality in Action, Commitment to Excellence and, Compassion towards Fellow- beings. Vision: to promote professional solidarity in the pursuit of excellence in patient care, teaching and research. Bring American medicine the distinctive contributions from India, and advance the American creed of one nation under God, indivisible with liberty and justice for all. Values: to respect for human dignity, Commitment to collegiality and ethical conduct, Promote the professional advancement of colleagues, Pursuit of Excellence, Commitment to community service. Goals: to provide the best patient care with compassion, Maintain the highest standards of ethics and professionalism, Help patients to become fully informed and empowered partners, Maintain their professional pride in the practice of medicine, Advocate for professional freedom, Advance their knowledge through CME, Pursue careers in academia, research and administrative cadres. Remain current and knowledgeable in contemporary and anticipated legislative and regulatory changes impacting on the practice of medicine. Assert equal protection in all their professional pursuits through collective advocacy. Promote vibrancy of the AAPI by facilitating it to embrace change and teamwork, and subordinate personal interest in the pursuit of a shared vision. Dr. Kapur will continue pro bono charity work by joining hands with such esteemed medical associations and continue her humanitarian services to make the world disease free and a better place to live. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Anurita Kapur is an Executive Board Member (she is the 3rd member from the top) since 2011 to present for the United Nations Assoc. & United Nations Fdtns [Lead by Robert Edward Turner III popular name: "Ted Turner" (he is known as Media Tycoon net worth $2.1 Billion) who is the founder of the worldwide Cable News Network Channel (CNN), WTBS, MGM, Turner Entertainment, TNT & Cartoon Network, & Turner Foundation.] Dr. Anurita Kapur is now also a part of the World Federation of the United Nation Association (WFUNA). She is a part of the USA Chapter for WFUNA. There are about 100 associations around the world. The USA Chapter is the most organized one. WFUNA is non-profit category in New York and Article 60 of the Swiss Civil Code. The offices are located at The UN Plaza, New York, Palais de Nations, Geneva, Switzerland, Seoul, Korea, Brussells, and Belgium. WFUNA is with Category One Consultative Status at the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC); Associate Status with the United Nations Department of Public Information (DPI) and United Nations Organization for Education Science and Culture (UNESCO); Special List with the UN International Labor Organization (ILO); General Status with the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD); Status with UN Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), International Atomic and Energy Agency (IAEA), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), UN World Metereological Association and consultative or liaison links with many other UN organizations and agencies. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Anurita Kapur is a strong supporter of the United Nations Organization. She has done a lot of advocacy work to increase funding & to continue funding to the United Nations by the United States. Anurita requested that the U.S. would support and continue full funding for the UN. The regular budget and UN peacekeeping - the budgets are: $2.1 billion for the Contributions to International Peacekeeping Activities Account (CIPA) and $1.57 billion for the Contributions to International Organizations Account (CIO). Anurita requested for the following to continue by the United States: (a) Support continues U.S. engagement at the Human Rights Council. (b) Support ratification of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. and (c) support a robust foreign aid development agenda based on the Millennium Development Goals (MDG's). Anurita speaks to the U.S. Government officials in person that includes Congressmen, Senators, U.S. Ambassadors, Secretary of State in Washington, D.C., Capitol Hill, Obama Administration and many more. Anurita was personally present at all the meetings in New York, New Jersey and Washington, D.C... After more than two decades of congressional controversy over the payment of U.S. contributions to the UN regular budget, peacekeeping, and UN specialized agencies and voluntary programs, the United States in recent years has fully funded its commitments to the United Nations system. However, growing concerns over the size of the federal budget deficit, combined with a less than clear sense among most Members of Congress about the full scope and effectiveness of the UN’s activities around the world and/or their relevance to US national security, has led some in Congress to propose ways to reduce our commitments to the UN. As the UN’s largest contributor, U.S. funding shortfalls will significantly impact the UN’s ability to carry out its operations. At a time when the United States and United Nations are working together to address some of the world’s most pressing challenges—from the humanitarian needs of survivors of devastating earthquakes in Japan and Haiti, to political crises and violence in Iraq, Libya, Sudan and Afghanistan—it is more important than ever that America maintain its longstanding commitment to global leadership and engagement by continuing to fully fund the UN. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Anurita Kapur & her ancestral family members including her biological Aunt (Princess) Rajkumari Amrit Kaur (served as Chairperson for 14 years) & have been lifetime supporters of the American Red Cross & several other Red Cross around the globe. Anurita has always continued to contribute to The Red Cross by giving donations for their numerous causes during natural disasters and other medically necessitated causes during calamities. Please see attached (will post soon) their gratitude and commendation letters to Anurita from the Red Cross Org. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Anurita Kapur is also an ardent supporter of the World Health Organization (WHO). Anurita carries her family legacy of support to WHO. She attends a lot of the global health issues high-level meetings held at the United Nations. Anurita is aware of many of the Global Health projects around the world by being involved at many levels. In 1950, Anurita's Aunt Princess Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, was elected the president of World Health Assembly (WHA), becoming the first woman and the first Asian to hold that post; for the first 25 years of this organization's history, only two women held that post. The World Health Assembly (WHA) is the forum through which the World Health Organization (WHO) is governed by its 194 member states. It is the world's highest health policy setting body and is composed of health ministers from member states. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Anurita Kapur is a Global Ambassador from the United States of America since July, 2010 to present. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Anurita Kapur is a member of several medical associations and NGOs. Her national & international organizational affiliations are: (1) Member of the Committee on Mental Health. (2) Member of the Communications Committee. (3) Member of the Women's International Forum. Anurita is a donor of several non-profit national, international, royal and world renowned organizations that work to help disabled, handicapped and mentally challenged people, educational causes, medical causes and causes helping in ending poverty worldwide. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Dr. Anurita Kapur Founder & President of SUNCKAT MOCHAN a religious non-profit organization. Her vision is to offer Hindu Temple Religious Services. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Anurita Kapur is also a former beauty queen crowned as Miss Vishvsundari USA by the Chairman Dr. Singh and Vishvsundari Pageant Committee. Vishvsundari Pageants have been in existence for over 25 years. According to the Pageant Committee, Anurita obtained this crown for exceptional talents, intelligence, her caring nature and several contributions to humanity. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Anurita's special trainings & interests & activities since childhood into adulthood were: Skating, Horse Riding, yachting, airplane flying, jets flying & helicopter flying, volley ball, golf, Archery, choir & solo singing, playing three musical instruments, much more... Anurita's collections: (1) Anurita has a collection of all Hindu Gods & Goddesses Idols (Murtis) some made of precious metals & jewels. (2) Treasures of Soils & flags from 180 countries of the world & still collecting. Anurita has respectfully placed each country's flag with their soil (& other plaques & souvenirs she received as a commendation for rendering free humanitarian services to many countries). At the request of Anurita's high-level friends visiting New York, if they can bring her something from their country; Anurita requested, them to bring their country soil & flag for her collection. Other times Anurita has added to her own collection by visiting a lot of the countries. This is how Anurita's soils & flags collections has reached to 180 countries. As a child, Anurita was also trained to be a traditional Indian homemaker: by learning traditional cooking by her grand-mothers, mother, authentic Indian cooks and other teachers which included: vegetarian and non-vegetarian Indian Foods and deserts from all parts of India: {Delhi, U.P., Punjabi, all Mughlai foods, South Indian, [Hindu, Jain & Budhist: strict vegetarian foods]} and International Foods: American, British, Italian, French, Greek, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish, Mexican and gourmet foods (Anurita says cooking is truly an art that she enjoyed while learning this skill). ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ANURITA'S NAME WAS UNANIMOUSLY NOMINATED TO RECEIVE THREE AWARDS IN INDIA. Dr. Anurita Kapur is nominated to receive HIND RATAN AWARD (JEWEL OF INDIA AWARD) in New Delhi, India. Dr. Anurita Kapur is also nominated to receive GLOBAL INDIAN ASSOCIATION'S AWARD in Cochin, India. Dr. Anurita Kapur is nominated to receive PRAVASI DIVAS AWARD in Cochin, India. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Honorable Barrack Obama, President of the United States of America sent a letter of thanks to Dr. Anurita Kapur, on Thursday, September 27, 2012 for all the support and help she has provided for his campaigns. (For authenticity we have saved the original letters for our records.). Dear Anurita, I want to thank you for all you're doing for this campaign. If we get to continue this work, it's going to be because of you. Next week, I'm meeting up with President Clinton on the campaign trail, and we both want to thank you in person. Thanks, Barack |
| Plane Carrying Bodies of Late UN Secretary-General and Other Staff Makes Stop-Over in Geneva A special plane carrying the bodies of the late Secretary-General, Dag Hammarskjöld, and other Staff Members who died with him, while he was on a peace mission in the Congo, today landed in Geneva where special ceremonies were held. The coffin of the Secretary-General is being taken off the plane. High-ranking UN and Swiss Officials and members of Delegations are at the bottom of the gangway. Recognizable, from the left are: Mr. P.P. Spinelli (second from left), Under-Secretary, Director of the UN European Office; Mr. G. Palthey, Deputy Director, UN European Office; Mr. Sture Linner, Chief of UN Congo Operations; Mr. and Mrs. Knut Hammarskjöld, nephew of the Secretary-General; Mr. T.G. Narayanan, Personal Assistant to the Secretary-General; Ambassador Arthur Lall (India); and Ambassador Averill Harriman (United States). 27 September 1961, Geneva, Switzerland |
| His excellency, Honorable Ambassador Arthur Lall (Anurita's maternal uncle 'Mamaji') |
| His excellency, Honorable Ambassador Arthur Lall at the United Nations in New York City, New York. |
| His excellency, Honorable Ambassador Arthur Lall wrote many publications. |
| Hon. Vengalil Krishnan Krishna Menon a mentor to H.E. Hon. Amb. Arthur Lall. He was the second most powerful man in India & Minister of Defence. |
| Jai Saraswati Devi Mata! (Saraswati Devi is the Goddess of Knowledge, Wisdom, & Education.) |
Dr. Anurita Kapur's paternal cousin uncle (her father's first cousin from his mother's side) was Dr. Raj Krishna-Kasava who was a very renowned lawyer in Washington, D.C. for over 45 years. He was the legal advisor to the World Bank in Washington, D.C. He was posted in many foreign countries such as Geneva, Switzerland, Burma, Calgary as an advisor to the World Bank. He had a Career of Internationalism And a Passion for a Homeland. Krishna had come to Washington as a lawyer with the World Bank, where he would eventually be chief counsel of the South Asia Division and, by the time he retired in 1995, legal adviser to the bank's International Trade Law Unit. He sometimes spent more than 200 nights a year away from his family in Washington as he traveled from Afghanistan to Korea to Morocco to Cameroon. Yet no matter how far he journeyed, Krishna always remained a proud, if unofficial, ambassador of India. His wife Mrs. Krishna, taught Hindi at Johns Hopkins University. He edited a quarterly publication, Highlights, that evolved into a glossy magazine with scholarly articles on Indian art and culture. He wrote some articles himself and, in 1991, edited a book on the history of Calcutta. Krishna had a deep knowledge of the history, architecture and literature of the West -- "he was very worldly, very cosmopolitan," his daughter said -- but he was happiest when he could return to the sounds, scents and land of his youth. "He always looked forward to his visits to India very much," his wife says. "It made him happy to touch that soil. He had always told me that he wanted to die there." On Jan. 1, while passing through Bombay on his way to an extended visit in New Delhi, Krishna did, in fact, have a heart attack and die in his native land. He was 71. He was an authority in such arcane fields as border disputes, de facto governments and laws governing rivers and waterways. Although he had been retired nearly 10 years, he continued to consult for the World Bank because his expertise included several countries now at the center of conflict: Afghanistan, Lebanon, Iran and Iraq. He looked on in sorrow when disorder uprooted happy memories of places that had once seemed enchanted. Krishna believed in negotiation, reconciliation and understanding, qualities he learned while growing up in Lucknow, a northern city known for its classical Indian culture and for its relatively smooth blending of Hindu and Islamic traditions. Krishna spoke Hindi at home with his family but was also fluent in Urdu, the language of the Muslim population. "It made him a secularist to his core." He also was strongly affected by the peaceful revolution of Mohandas K. Gandhi, as India overthrew British colonial rule in 1947 when he was a boy. "In the last few months, "he was collecting material about Gandhi -- letters and photos." He had hoped to develop a program for schools showing the influence of Gandhi's ideas on Martin Luther King Jr. Krishna had spent years in academia, first in India, where he received bachelor's and master's degrees in law and taught at several universities. He received a doctorate in law from the Australian National University before joining the World Bank. Before Raj Krishna left on his final trip, which was to last more than three months, his daughter asked him to stay, saying, "Papa, you have been here for half your life." He said, "You know, Anamika, India is my home," he replied. "I must go." |
| Anurita's Maternal uncle & aunt (Mama ji & Mami ji) H.E. Amb. Arthur Lall & his wife Dr. (Mrs.) Betty Lall |
| Late Secretary-General, Honorable Dag Hammarskjöld at the United Nations Building in New York City. |
| Dag Hammarskjöld's Birth House |
Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld (29 July 1905 – 18 September 1961) was a Swedish diplomat, economist, and author. The second Secretary-General of the United Nations, he served from April 1953 until his death in a plane crash in September 1961. He is one of four people to have been awarded a posthumous Nobel Peace Prize. Hammarskjöld remains the only U.N. Secretary-General to die in office, and his death occurred en route to cease-fire negotiations. American President John F. Kennedy called Hammarskjöld “the greatest statesman of our century". UN Secretary-General. When Trygve Lie resigned from his post as UN Secretary-General in 1953, the United Nations Security Council recommended Hammarskjöld for the post. It came as a surprise to him. Seen as a competent technocrat without political views, he was selected on 31 March by a majority of 10 out of eleven Security Council members. The UN General Assembly elected him in the 7–10 April session by 57 votes out of 60. In 1957, he was re-elected. Hammarskjöld began his term by establishing his own secretariat of 4,000 administrators and setting up regulations that defined their responsibilities. He was also actively engaged in smaller projects relating to the UN working environment. For example, he planned and supervised in every detail the creation of a "meditation room" in the UN headquarters. This is a place dedicated to silence where people can withdraw into themselves, regardless of their faith, creed, or religion. During his term, Hammarskjöld tried to smooth relations between Israel and the Arab states. Other highlights include a 1955 visit to China to negotiate release of 15 captured US pilots who had served in the Korean War, the 1956 establishment of the United Nations Emergency Force, and his intervention in the 1956 Suez Crisis. He is given credit by some historians for allowing participation of the Holy See within the United Nations that year. In 1960, the former Belgian Congo and then newly independent Congo asked for UN aid in defusing the Congo Crisis. Hammarskjöld made four trips to the Congo. His efforts towards the decolonisation of Africa were considered insufficient by the Soviet Union; in September 1960, the Soviet government denounced his decision to send a UN emergency force to keep the peace. They demanded his resignation and the replacement of the office of Secretary-General by a three-man directorate with a built-in veto, the "troika". The objective was to, citing the memoirs of Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, “equally represent interests of three groups of countries: capitalist, socialist and recently independent.”[6] Hammarskjöld denied Patrice Lumumba's request to help force the Katanga Province to rejoin the Congo, causing Lumumba to turn to the Soviets for help. He personally disliked Lumumba and felt that he should be removed from office. In September 1961, Hammarskjöld learned about fighting between "non-combatant" UN forces and Katangese troops of Moise Tshombe. He was en route to negotiate a cease-fire on the night of 17–18 September when his Douglas DC-6 airliner SE-BDY crashed near Ndola,Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia). Hammarskjöld and fifteen others perished in the crash. A special report issued by the United Nations following the crash stated that a bright flash in the sky was seen at approximately 1:00 am the previous night. According to the UN special report, it was this information that resulted in the initiation of search and rescue operations. Initial indications that the crash might not have been an accident led to multiple official inquiries and persistent speculation that the Secretary-General was assassinated. Hammarskjöld's death was a memorable event. The Dag Hammarskjöld Crash Site Memorial is under consideration for inclusion as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A press release issued by the Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo stated that, "... in order to pay a tribute to this great man, now vanished from the scene, and to his colleagues, all of whom have fallen victim to the shameless intrigues of the great financial Powers of the West... the Government has decided to proclaim Tuesday, 19 September 1961, a day of national mourning." Honors Hammarskjöld posthumously received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1961, having been nominated before his death. Honorary degrees: The Carleton University in Ottawa (then called Carleton College) awarded its first-ever honorary degree to Hammarskjöld in 1954 when it presented him with a Legum Doctor, honoris causa. The University has continued this tradition by conferring an honorary doctorate upon every subsequent Secretary General of the United Nations. He also held honorary degrees from Oxford University, England; in the United States from Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Columbia, the University of Pennsylvania, Amherst, Johns Hopkins, the University of California, and Ohio University; in Sweden, Uppsala University; and in Canada from McGill University as well as Carleton. On April 6, 2011, the Bank of Sweden announced that Hammarskjöld's image will be used on the 1000 kronor banknote, the highest-denomination banknote in Sweden. |
| Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld's Grave Stone in Uppsala. |
Dr. Anurita Kapur and her medical doctor Husband's only child their daughter Reeteka in Sanskrit: रितिका, (meaning of Reeteka: Joy, Truth, generous and, a flowing river) she was born & raised in New York, United States. Reeteka is the fourth generation American Citizen in Anurita's family. |
| Anurita and Baby Reeteka |
| (For authenticity, we have saved all original letters for our records.) Dr. Anurita Kapur was very ecstatic at the result of the elections. She wished her best and congratulated President Barack Obama for his Presidential Re-Election Victory. She said this is indeed a joyous day for her and for all the hard work that was put in to the campaign by her. Honorable Barack Obama, President of the United States of America sent a letter of thanks to Dr. Anurita Kapur on November 6, 2012 upon his victory for the Presidential elections and being re-elected as a the President of the United States of America. Dear Anurita, I'm about to go speak to the crowd here in Chicago, but I wanted to thank you first. I want you to know that this wasn't fate, and it wasn't an accident. You made this happen. You organized yourself block by block in many states. You took ownership of this campaign. And when it wasn't easy, you pressed forward. I will spend the rest of my presidency honoring your support, and doing what I can to finish what we started. But I want you to take real pride, as I do, in how we got the chance in the first place. Today is the clearest proof yet that, against the odds, Americans like you can overcome powerful interests. There's a lot more work to do. But for right now: Thank you. Barack |
| Dr. Anurita Kapur's parents wedding picture. |
| Anurita's 'Tauji' Brigadier Nand Lal Kapur, his wife and three children. |
| Princess Rochelle Sheila David-Singh-Kapur and Prince Athelston David-Jaswant Singh and his wife Mrs. Evelyn David (Dr. Anurita Kapur's mother and maternal grand-parents "nana ji and nani ji") |
| Dr. Brij Kapur (left) (Anurita's 2nd Paternal uncle 'Tauji'), Dr. Sarojini Devi Kapur (left) (Anurita's 3rd Paternal Aunt "Taiji") & Attorney, Krishan Lal Kapur (right) (Anurita's 3rd Paternal Uncle "Tauji") |
| Dr. Anurita Kapur’s paternal uncle (father’s second older brother “Tauji”) Dr. Brij Lal Kapur, PhD. |
| History of Dr. Anurita Kapur's Royal Family Tree. Her Royal Distinguished Family Members' who contributed to: India, United Kingdom (Great Britain), United States of America and several international countries and rendered their royal services through: Medical Services, Government Services, Foreign Services, Military Services, International Government The United Nations Organization, Religious and Humanitarian Services and Charity Services. |
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| Dr. Anurita Kapur's Mother's Royal Family |
| Dr. Anurita Kapur's Father's Family |
| DR. ANURITA KAPUR'S INTRODUCTION & ROYAL BACKGROUND Dr. Anurita G. Kapur, M.D., (Written in Sanskrit: अनुरीता कपूर - The meanings of ANU & RITA in Sanskrit, Greek, Estonian, Spanish, Italian & Finnish are: Truth, Righteous, Brave, Pearl, Grace, Favours of goodwill, kindness & benevolence, Rose & An Atom.). Anurita is an Indian-American Physician, a New Yorker. She was born in Lucknow, India & lived in Delhi, India for a very short period of her childhood. Her parents raised her in New York in the United States of America. In the U.S., Anurita's family, kept the traditional Indian teachings and cultural values alive at home and raised her and her siblings accordingly. She acquired, traditional old fashioned, simplistic Indian cultural teachings, high values and virtues and equally similar teachings from the United States. Anurita says, she loves the old traditional Indian cultural teachings and American values taught to her by her family. Anurita says, she was fortunate to have the right mix around her, this way she was able to choose the best from both the worlds. She is very proud of her (Hindustani) Indian cultural background and loves to speak, read and write in her mother tongue “Hindi” and “Sanskrit”, and is actively involved in all Indian, American and International cultural events. Anurita explains, Hindustan (हिन्दुस्तान) known as India is derived from the Modern Persian word Hindū. In Old Persian, the region beyond the Indus River was referred to as Hinduš (the Iranian equivalent of Sanskrit Sindhu, hence Modern Persian Hind, Hindū. This combined with the Iranian suffix -stān results in Hindustan, "land of the Indus". The term came into common use under the rule of the Mughals who referred to their dominion, centered on Delhi, as 'Hindustan'. Geographic area. Historically, the term "Hindustan" is usually applied to the Gangetic Plain of North India, between the Himalayas and the Vindhyas. Further, it may pertain to numerous aspects belonging to three geographical areas: the modern Republic of India, the Indian subcontinent during medieval times, or a region in northern India, east and south of the Yamuna river, between the Vindhya mountains and the Himalayas where Hindustani languages are spoken. In modern Persian, Urdu and Hindi, Hindustan and its abbreviated version Hind, usually refer to the current Republic of India. The abbreviated version appears in the common nationalist salutation of India, Jai Hind, coined by Major Abid Hasan Safrani of the Indian National Army as a shortened version of Jai Hindustan Ki (translation: Victory to India). It was popularized by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, who used it on Azad Hind Radio during the Indian independence movement. It appears in the revered song, Aye Mere Watan Ke Logon. Today, it is widely used as a salutation and a battle cry in the Indian Armed Forces. It is also commonly used to sign off at the end of major speeches. Anurita explains, India's Motto is "SATYA MEV JAYATEY" (सत्यमेव जयते) - meaning Truth alone triumphs. It is a mantra from the ancient Indian scripture Mundaka Upanishad. Upon independence of India, it was adopted as the national motto of India. It is inscribed in Devanagari script at the base of the national emblem. The emblem and the words "Satyamev Jayatey" are inscribed on one side of all Indian currency. The emblem is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka which was erected around 250 BC at Sarnath, near Varanasi in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Emperor Ashoka Maurya (Asoka the Great), born 304 BC, guided by his first wife, Samragyi (Empress) Vidisha Devi, who was a Buddhist, erected the capital to mark the spot where Gautama Buddha first taught the Dharma and where the Buddhist Sangha was founded. This National Emblem was adopted on 26 January 1950, the day that India became a republic. The origin of the motto is a well-known mantra 3.1.6 from the Mundaka Upanishad. The mantra is as follows: satyameva jayate nānṛtaṁ; satyena panthā vitato devayānaḥ;yenākramantyṛṣayo hyāptakāmā; yatra tat satyasya paramaṁ nidhānam. In Devanāgarī: सत्यमेव जयते नानृतं I सत्येन पन्था विततो देवयानः I येनाक्रमन्त्यृषयो ह्याप्तकामा यत्र तत् सत्यस्य परमं निधानम् Meaning in English: Truth alone triumphs; not falsehood; Through truth the divine path is spread out; by which the sages whose desires have been completely fulfilled, reach; where that supreme treasure of Truth resides. The emblem of India is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of Emperor Ashoka at Sarnath, preserved in the Sarnath Museum. In the original Sarnath capital (which is currently situated in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India) there are four Asiatic lions standing back to back - symbolizing power, courage, pride, and confidence - mounted on a circular abacus. The abacus is girded with a frieze of sculptures in high relief of an elephant (of the east), a horse (of the west), a bull (of the south), and a lion (of the north), separated by intervening wheels, over a lotus in full bloom, exemplifying the fountainhead of life and creative inspiration. Carved out of a double block of polished sandstone, the capital is crowned by the Wheel of the Law (Dharma Chakra). (Indian National Flag, flowers, falling petals, deepak & explanations was designed at Anurita's instructions.) Anurita says, she got a great exposure of the right mix of many religions around her, due to having inter-religious family backgrounds of her parents. Her father, MR. MOTI LAL KAPUR, a Hindu-Kshatriya (क्षत्रिय). Anurita's mother, ROCHELLE SHEILA DAVID-JASWANT-SINGH KAPUR hails from Hindu-Rajputs (राजपूत), Royal Sikhs (सिख), Royal Christians and Royal Moghuls (मुग़ल साम्राज्य) backgrounds. Anurita's husband, Hindu-Brahmin background. The mix of inter-religion exposure, made Anurita, respect all religions, as her own. Please continue to read below, to the completion of this page to know, the interesting blend of her family's royal background and solid foundation. Dr. Anurita G. Kapur’s middle name given by her family at birth is ‘Georgianna’, named after her biological maternal great-grand mother (Par-Nani ji) (Empress) Maharani Georgianna David Jaswant Singh, wife of, Maharaja Jaswant Singh (Par-Nana ji), Anurita’s biological great-grand father, who was originally a Sikh, but later, also, converted into Christianity and became an Anglican Missionary. Dr. Anurita Kapur is from a royal family background, her biological royal family members consists of sophisticated aristocrats, elite and rulers of India. Anurita's biological great-great-grand father was the (Emperor) Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the Emperor of Punjab, India. (Emperor) Maharaja Ranjit Singh was born to (Emperor) Maharaja Maha Singh and (Empress) Maharani Raj Kaur on 13 November 1780, in Gujranwala, Punjab, into a Sikh family. He was the most powerful (Emperor) Maharaja of his time and Founder of the Sikh Empire. He was popularly, called the "Sher-e- Punjab" (meaning: Lion of Punjab). His contributions were innumerable to India including the renovations, guilding and covering with real gold work to the famous “Harmandir Sahib”, thus, the temple got its new name and currently known as the “Golden Temple”. He also built two more Gurudwaras: (1) Takht Sri Patna Sahib and (2) Takht Sachkhand Shri Hazur Abchalnagar Sahib. Maharaja Ranjit Singh was the emperor to have in his possession, the world famous diamond weighing 106 carats (original uncut weight 793 carats), known as, the “Koh-i-noor Diamond” (Heera) (Koh-i-noor means Mountain of Light). In 1830, Shujāh Shāh Durrānī, the deposed ruler of Afghanistan, managed to flee with the diamond. He went to Lahore where he gave the diamond to Maharaja Ranjīt Singh; in return for this, Maharaja Ranjīt Singh won back the Afghan throne for Shah Shujā'. Thus, the "Koh-i-noor" remained in Dr. Anurita Kapur's family for a long time. In June 1850, Lord Dalhousie was given the Kohinoor Diamond by Maharaja Duleep Singh (Anurita's great-grand uncle, the youngest son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh) after that it was confiscated by the British. From that date on, the diamond became part of the Crown Jewels, set in the Crown of Queen Victoria and later Queen Elizabeth and is on display in the Jewel House at the Tower of London. Legend has it that the diamond originally belonged to India. The diamond came from the Kollur, near the village in the present-day Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Anurita's relationship to the English Royal Family is through her great-uncle Maharaja Duleep Singh who was taken to England by Queen Victoria, she converted him into Anglican Christian. Once he was married, Queen Victoria became the God Mother to his children. Maharaja Duleep Singh's daughter Princess Bamba Anurita's maternal grand-father Prince Athelston Jaswant Singh's were first cousins. "Koh-i-Noor Diamond", is one of the largest diamonds in the world in comparison to other large diamonds of India such as: "Darya-e-Noor Diamond" (means: Sea of Light), the largest pink diamond in the world weighing 60 Carat and Noor-ul-Ain Diamond" (mean: Light of the Eye), (originally the size of this diamond was over 800 carats). These diamonds are believed to have been recovered from the Golconda mines in India and was brought into the Iranian Imperial collection after Persian King Nader Shah Afshar looted and ransacked Delhi in the 18th century. The Noor-ol-Ain is believed to have once formed part of an even larger gem. That larger diamond is thought to have been cut in two, with one section becoming the "Noor-ol-Ain Diamond" and the other the "Darya-e-Noor Diamond". Both of these pieces are currently part of the Iranian Crown Jewels. The Noor-ol-Ain is mounted on the tiara with the same name. The tiara forms part of the Iranian crown jewels, held at the National Treasury of Iran in the Central Bank in Tehran. The following modern day political divisions made up the historical Sikh Empire of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the listed regions are: • Punjab region till Multan in south, • Punjab, India, • Punjab, Pakistan, • Jammu, India, • Ganganagar, India, • Haryana, India, Including Chandigarh, • Himachal Pradesh, India, • Kashmir, conquered in 1818, India/Pakistan/China, • Gilgit, Northern Areas, Pakistan (Occupied from 1842 to 1846), • Khyber Pass, Afghanistan/Pakistan, • Peshawar, Pakistan (taken in 1818, retaken in 1834), • North-West Frontier Province and FATA, Pakistan (documented from Hazara (taken in 1818–22) to Bannu), • Parts of Western Tibet (1841), China. Please read below, Dr. Anurita Kapur is biologically blood-related great-great grand-daughter of the Royal Family Rulers and Heirs of the Sikh Empire Throne, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Maharaja Kharak Singh, Maharaja Sher Singh, Maharaja Jaswant Singh, Raja Ishal Singh, Raja Tara Singh, Raja Peshaura Singh, Raja Kashmira Singh, Maharaja Duleep Singh, youngest Maharaja & heir to the throne of the Sikh Empire, Maharaja Naunihal Singh, Raja Athelston David Jaswant Singh. Maharajas of Kapurthala State, Maharaja Harnam Singh and Maharaja Maharaj Singh and heirs to the throne of Kapurthala State, India and Rajkumari Amrit Kaur. Dr. Anurita Kapur is also biologically related to the (Kings) Rajas Heirs to the Throne of Kapurthala State, India. In 1875, Maharaja Harnam Singh married Maharani Kaur Sahiba (Christian lady), and had eight children, seven sons and one daughter: (1) Raja Ragubhir Singh, OBE (3 May 1876-17 November 1932) (2) Kanwar Rajendra Singh (1877–1883) (3) Maharaja Sir Maharaj Singh, CIE, CStJ (17 May 1878-6 June 1959), and his wife Maharani Gunwati (Gertrude) Maharaj Singh (Christian lady). (4) Lieutenant Colonel Dr. Kanwar Shamsher Singh, M.D., MRCS, LRCP (21 June 1879) (5) Captain Dr. Kanwar Indrajit Singh, MC, M.D., MRCP (27 December 1883-23 November 1914) (KIA) (6) Kanwar Sir Dalip Singh (2 June 1885-13 January 1971) (7) Kanwar Jasbir Singh, CIE (16 June 1887-15 October 1942), who had issue including: • Air Vice Marshal Kanwar Jaswant Singh, PVSM (1915–1963) and • Lieutenant Kanwar Billy Arjan Singh (1917–2010) (8) (Princess) Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, DStJ (2 February 1889-10 February 1964). (Sir) Maharaja Maharaj Singh's, sister was (Princess) Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, his 6 brothers: Rajas (Kings). Anurita's mother's ancestors paternal from Royal Sikhs and maternal from Hindu-Rajputs converted into Christianity. They got married to Christian ladies, thus, the children continue to be devoted Christians. The names of her Sikh Royal Family members who converted into Christianity were: (1) H.H. Maharaja Jaswant Singh (Anurita's Mother's biological Dada ji 'Grand-father', son of H.H. Maharaja Ranjit Singh); (2) H.H. Maharaja Duleep Singh (Anurita's Mother's biological Chacha-ji - 'Grand-uncle', youngest son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh) his daughter Princess Bamba Sophia Jindan Duleep Singh, her God-mother was H.H. Queen Victoria of England. (3) Raja Harnam Singh - Heir of Kapurthala Throne (Anurita's Mother's great-grand uncle); (4) Maharaja Maharaj Singh - Heir of Kapurthala Throne (Anurita's mother's second-cousin); (5) Rajkumari Amrit Kaur - (Anurita's mother's second-cousin). H.H. Queen Victoria of England and many more connections & names will be mentioned on this page. The conversion of Anurita's mother's Royal ancestors into Christianity; debarred some of them from succeeding to the Throne of Punjab and the Throne of Kapurthala, but their prestige remained intact. Thus, as a corrective measure the British Government made them hereditary Maharajas and Rajas, awarded them a Knighthood, KCSI, gave administration of their Punjab and Awadh properties (some other areas) for lifetime. Although raised a Sikh from birth, Sir Maharaja Jaswant Singh (Anurita's great-grand father) continued to serve as an Anglican Missionary in New Delhi, India. Similarly, Maharaja Harnam Singh (Anurita's grand-uncle) continued as a pious Christian and missionary, eventually becoming President of the National Missionary Society of India. |
| Dr. Anurita Kapur's Great-great maternal grandfather Maharaja Ranjit Singh |
| Dr. Anurita Kapur's Great-grand father Maharaja Jaswant Singh |
| Anurita's Mother's Royal |
| Anurita's Mother's Royal Family Tree |
| Dr. Anurita Kapur's personal Biography and of Royalty |
| Dr. Anurita Kapur's father's Mother Tara Devi Malhotra.. her father's Nanak Chand Malhotra her mother Phulo Devi Malhotra.................. |
| Dr. Anurita Kapur's Father Moti Lal Kapur, his father Dr. Kanhaiya Lal Kapur, M.D., his father Nanak Chand Kapur |
| Anurita's Mother's Royal |
| History of Dr. Anurita Kapur's Father's Ancesteral Family Tree Father's Name: Mr. Moti Lal Kapur Background: Hindu-Kshatriya |
| Kapurthala Princely Flag |
| (1 & 2) Dr. Anurita Kapur's biological Royal maternal Family Tree Great-great maternal grand father (Emperor) Maharaja Ranjit Singh Emperor of Punjab Sikh Empire. Son of Maharaja Maha Singh. |
| (3 & 4) Great maternal grand-father Maharaja Jaswant Singh Maternal Grand Father Raja Athelston Jaswant Singh (5) Anurita's mother Princess Rochelle Sheila David Jaswant Singh Kapur |
| Dr. Anurita Kapur's Mother Rochelle her mother Princess Evelyn Felicia Sampson her father Reverend Sampson |
| History of Dr. Anurita Kapur's Mother's Ancestral Royal Family Tree Mother Name: Rochelle Sheila David-Maharaja Jaswant-Singh |
| Dr. Anurita Kapur's Mother Rochelle her father Prince Athelston David Singh his father Maharaja Jaswant Singh S/O Maharaja Ranjit Singh |
WORLD BANK, WASHINGTON, D.C. AND GENEVA, SWITZERLAND |
| UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATIONS - MANHATTAN, NEW YORK AND GENEVA, SWITZERLAND |
| While Anurita’s mother has a royal background consisting of three different religions: (1) Anurita’s mother’s paternal grand-mother’s background, the Hindu Rajputs, from Jaipur, Rajasthan, they later converted into Christianity. The meaning of Rajput (from Sanskrit raja-putra, "son of a king" is a member of one of the patrilineal clans of western, central, northern India and some parts of Pakistan. They claim to be descendants of ruling Hindu warrior classes of North India. Rajputs rose to prominence during the 9th to 12th centuries. Until the 20th century, Rajput ruled in the "overwhelming majority" of the princely states of Rajasthan and Surashtra, where the largest number of princely states were found. The Rajput population and the former Rajput states are found spread through much of the subcontinent, particularly in north, west and central India. Populations are found in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Jammu, Punjab, Sindh, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar. (2) Anurita’s mother’s paternal grand-father’s background was a royal Sikh. A Sikh is a follower of Sikhism, a monotheistic religion that originated in the 15th century in the Punjab region. The term "Sikh" means disciple, student, or (śikṣa). Some historians suggest that the name "Sikh" is derived from the ancient term "Saka. A Sikh is a disciple/subject of the Guru. The Guru Granth Sahib, the Guru of the Sikhs, the definition of a Sikh follows: The greater Punjab region is the historical homeland of the Sikhs, although significant communities exist around the world. The Sikh religion was founded by Guru Nanak. The origins of Sikhism lie in the teachings of Guru Nanak and his successors. The essence of Sikh teaching is summed up by Nanak in these words: "Realization of Truth is higher than all else. Higher still is truthful living". The Guruship was consecutively passed down to nine other Gurus, who were stated to have the divine light of God with them. These Gurus strengthened and expanded the Sikh religion and the revelations of God. The final and last Guruship was bestowed upon a combined institution of holy-book (Granth) immersed in The Guru Granth Sahib Ji and people (Panth) i.e the Guru Khalsa. (3) After conversion into Christianity by Anurita’s mother’s father’s ancient maternal great-great-great grand-father, Shri Dhan Sukh Singh a Hindu- Rajput (from Jaipur, Rajasthan) and her ancient paternal-grand-father, Maharaja Jaswant Singh (son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, The Emperor of Punjab), a Sikh. Dr. Anurita Kapur’s mother, Mrs. Rochelle Sheila David-Jaswant-Singh-Kapur, continues to be a devoted Christian today. Christianity (from the Ancient Greek translation Χριστός, Christos of the Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Mašíaḥ, meaning "the anointed one" and the Latin suffixes ian and -itas) is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ as presented in the New Testament. Christianity is the world's largest religion, with approximately 2.2 billion adherents, known as Christians. Most Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God, fully divine and fully human, and the savior of humanity prophesied in the Old Testament. Consequentially, Christians refer to Jesus as Christ or Messiah. The foundations of Christian theology are expressed in ecumenical creeds that are accepted by followers of the Christian faith. These professions state that Jesus suffered, died, was buried, and was resurrected from the dead in order to grant eternal life to those who believe in him and trust in him for the remissionof their sins. The creeds further maintain that Jesus bodily ascended into heaven, where he reigns with God the Father. Most denominations teach that Jesus will return to judge all humans, living and dead, and to grant eternal life to his followers. He is considered the model of a virtuous life. His ministry, crucifixion, and resurrection are often referred to as the gospel, meaning "Good News" (a loan translation of the Ancient Greek: εὐαγγέλιον euangélion). The term gospelalso refers to written accounts of Jesus's life and teaching, four of which—the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John—are considered canonical and are included in the Christian Bible. Christianity is an Abrahamic religion that began as a Jewish sect in the mid-1st century. Originating in the Levant region of the Middle East, it quickly spread to Syria, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor and Egypt. It grew in size and influence over a few centuries, and by the end of the 4th century had become the official state church of the Roman Empire, replacing other forms of religion practiced under Roman rule. During the Middle Ages, most of the remainder of Europe was Christianized, with Christians also being a sometimes large religious minority in the Middle East, North Africa, Ethiopia and parts of India. Following the Age of Discovery, Christianity spread to the Americas, Australasia, sub-Saharan Africa, and the rest of the world through missionary work and colonization. Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization. Worldwide, the three largest groups of Christianity are the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the various denominations of Protestantism. The Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox patriarchates split from one another in the schism of the 11th century, and Protestantism came into existence during the Reformation of the 16th century, splitting from the Roman Catholic Church. Ten Commandments in Christianity The Ten Commandments are a set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship which play a fundamental role in Judaism and most forms of Christianity. They include instructions to worship only God and to keep the Sabbath, and prohibitions against idolatry, blasphemy, murder, theft, and adultery. Different groups follow slightly different traditions for interpreting and numbering them. According to the synoptic gospels, Christ generalised the law into two underlying principles; The first is "Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one; and you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind, and with all your strength." While the second is "You shall love your neighbor as yourself." These are quotes from Deuteronomy 6:4 and Leviticus 19:18. Barnes' Notes on the New Testament comments on these verses saying: "These comprehend the substance of what Moses in the law, and what the prophets have spoken. What they have said has been to endeavour to win men to the love of God and each other. Love to God and man comprehends the whole of religion; and to produce this has been the design of Moses, the prophets, the Saviour, and the apostles." (4) Later, due to inter-marriages of some of Anurita's mother's family members into the Royal Moghul Dynasty - royal Moslems. Dr. Anurita G. Kapur’s middle name given at birth is ‘Georgianna’, named after her biological maternal great-grand mother (Par-Nani ji) Maharani Georgianna David Jaswant Singh, wife of, Maharaja Jaswant Singh (Par-Nana ji), Anurita’s biological great-grand father, who was originally a Sikh, but later, also, converted into Christianity and became an Anglican Missionary. Their only son, Prince Athelston David-Jaswant-Singh, who was Dr. Anurita Kapur’s (nana ji) her mother, Mrs. Rochelle Sheila David-Jaswant-Singh-Kapur’s biological father. Since, Prince Jaswant Singh converted to Christianity; this action of conversion, debarred him from succeeding to the throne of Punjab, but their prestige remained intact. Thus, Prince Jaswant Singh was deprived of the throne after the death of (his half-brothers) Maharaja Kharak Singh and, later, Maharaja Sher Singh (as a corrective measure, the British Government made Prince Jaswant Singh, a hereditary King, awarded a Knighthood, KCSI, gave administration of some of his punjab properties for his lifetime. Maharaja Jaswant Singh was the son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who was the most powerful, Maharaja of Punjab and the Founder of the Sikh Empire. His contributions were innumerable to India including the renovations to the famous “Harmandir Sahib” and covering the temple with real gold, thus the temple got its name and currently known as the “Golden Temple”. Maharaja Ranjit Singh was the last emperor to have in his possession, the world famous 106 carats diamond, known as, the “Koh-i-noor”. Later, “Koh-i-noor” had to be given to Queen Victoria of England by his youngest son (14 years old), Maharaja Duleep Singh. The “Koh-i-noor” remained in the Crown of Queen Victoria, Queen of England. To this date, the “Koh-i-noor”, remains intact in the crown of Queen Elizabeth, Queen of England, she was also the God-mother of Maharaja Duleep Singh's children. Dr. Anurita Kapur’s Mother Rochelle Sheila David-Jaswant-Singh-Kapur’s great-great-great maternal background was Hindu Rajput they were settled in Rajasthan in the capital city of Jaipur. |
What is Rajasthan? Rajasthan known as "the land of kings", is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It comprises most of the area of the large, inhospitable Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, which parallels the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with Pakistan to the west. Rajasthan is also bordered by Gujarat to the southwest, Madhya Pradesh to the southeast, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana to the northeast and Punjab to the north. Rajasthan covers 10.4% of India, an area of 342,239 square kilometres (132,139 sq mi). Jaipur is the capital and the largest city of the state. Geographical features include the Thar Desert along north-western Rajasthan and the termination of the Ghaggar River near the archaeological ruins at Kalibanga of the Indus Valley Civilization, which are the oldest in the Indian subcontinent discovered so far. One of the world's oldest mountain ranges, the Aravalli Range, cradles the only hill station of Rajasthan, Mount Abu, famous for Dilwara Temples, a sacred pilgrimage for Jains. Eastern Rajasthan has the world famous Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur, a World Heritage Site known for its bird life. It also has two national tiger reserves, Ranthambore and Sariska Tiger Reserve, and a famous temple in Khatu, Sikar district, dedicated to Khatu Shyam Ji. Rajasthan was formed on 30 March 1949, when the region known until then as Rajputana, consisting of erstwhile 18 princely states, two chiefships and the British district of Ajmer-Merwara. History of Rajasthan The Indus Valley Civilization, one of the world's first and oldest, was in parts of what is now Rajasthan. Kalibangan, in Hanumangarh district, was a major provincial capital of the Indus Valley Civilization, now part of Pakistan. It is believed that Western Kshatrapas (405–35 BC) were Sakarulers of the western part of India (Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, Southern Sindh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan). They were successors to theIndo- Scythians and were contemporaneous with the Kushans who ruled the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. The Indo-Scythians invaded the area of Ujjain and established the Saka era (with their calendar), marking the beginning of the long-lived Saka Western Satraps state. Matsya, a state of the Vedic civilization of India, is said to roughly corresponded to former state of Jaipur in Rajasthan and included the whole of Alwar with portions of Bharatpur. The capital of Matsya was at Viratanagar (modern Bairat) which is said to have been named after its founder king Virata. Traditionally the Meenas, Gurjars, Bhils, Rajputs, Rajpurohit, Charans, Jats, Yadavs, Bishnois and other tribes made a great contribution in building the state of Rajasthan. All these tribes suffered great difficulties in protecting their culture and the land. Millions of them were killed trying to protect their land. A number of Gurjars had been exterminated in Bhinmal and Ajmer areas fighting with the invaders. Bhils once ruledKota. Meenas were rulers of Bundi and Dhundhar region. Gurjars ruled many dynasties in this part of the country. In fact this region was long known as Gurjaratra. Up to the tenth century almost the whole of North India, excepting Bengal, acknowledged the supremacy of Gurjars with their seat of power at Kannauj. |
| DR. ANURITA G. KAPUR’S MOTHER’S FIRST GENERATION MOVED FROM JAIPUR TO AGRA. |
| Dr. Anurita Kapur’s mother’s maternal ancestors migrated to Agra in 1857, during Mutiny period, then later to Delhi, India. The original last name of Anurita’s mother’s real great-great-great maternal grand-father was Shri Dhansukh Singh. Later, after their conversion, into Christianity they changed their family name to David but continued to keep their original last name: Singh. In Rajasthan, the family owned: large properties and several Cotton Mills, they exported cloth to England during British Raj. |
PICTURES OF RAJASTHAN & CAPITAL CITY OF JAIPUR & PALACES TO BE POSTED SOON |
THE MUTINY PERIOD: The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys of the East India Company's army on 10 May 1857, in the town of Meerut, and soon escalated into other mutinies and civilian rebellions largely in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, with the major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and the Delhi region. The rebellion posed a considerable threat to Company power in that region, and was contained only with the fall of Gwalior on 20 June 1858. The rebellion is also known as India's First War of Independence, the Great Rebellion, the Indian Mutiny, the Revolt of 1857, the Uprising of 1857, the Sepoy Rebellion and the Sepoy Mutiny. The Mutiny was a result of various grievances. However the flashpoint was reached when the soldiers were asked to bite off the paper cartridges for their rifles which they believed were greased with animal fat, namely beef and pork. This was, and is, against the religious beliefs of Hindus and Muslims, respectively. Other regions of Company-controlled India – such as Bengal, the Bombay Presidency, and the Madras Presidency – remained largely calm. In Punjab, the Sikh princes backed the Company by providing soldiers and support. The large princely states of Hyderabad, Mysore, Travancore, and Kashmir, as well as the smaller ones of Rajputana, did not join the rebellion. In some regions, such as Oudh, the rebellion took on the attributes of a patriotic revolt against European presence. Maratha leaders, such as Lakshmibai, the Rani of Jhansi, became folk heroes in the nationalist movement in India half a century later; however, they themselves "generated no coherent ideology" for a new order. The rebellion led to the dissolution of the East India Company in 1858. It also led the British to reorganize the army, the financial system and the administration in India. India was thereafter directly governed by the crown as the new British Raj. The civilian rebellion was more multifarious in origin. The rebels consisted of three groups: the feudal nobility, rural landlords called taluqdars, and the peasants. The nobility, many of whom had lost titles and domains under the Doctrine of Lapse, which refused to recognise the adopted children of princes as legal heirs, felt that the Company had interfered with a traditional system of inheritance. Rebel leaders such as Nana Sahib and the Rani of Jhansi belonged to this group. The civilian rebellion was also highly uneven in its geographic distribution, even in areas of north-central India that were no longer under British control. For example, the relatively prosperous Muzaffarnagar district, a beneficiary of a Company irrigation scheme, and next door to Meerut, where the upheaval began, stayed mostly calm throughout. |
| Shri Dhansukh Singh had three sons named: Mr. Ibrahim David, Mr. Daud David and Mr. Yohanna David. His second son, Mr. Daud David had three sons and three daughters. After converting to Christianity, the names of his children were Christian names. Since, the original Holy Bible in India was translated into the language Urdu, the Christian names were Urdu translations as well. The first names were Christian names but sounded like Muslim names due to the language, Urdu. (Anurita's mother’s paternal grand-mother Maharani Georgiana's father and brothers), served in Old Delhi in the Christian community. Anurita's mother's grand-uncle, Dr. Saul David was given the khitab (title) of Rahees-e-Azam Dehli (richest man of Delhi) in 1930’s in Old Delhi, India. A street was named after the family which still exists in Old Delhi known as “Dr. David Street”. The David family had also owned several buildings named Dr. David Buildings, and over 10 mansions named: Lal Kothi, Peeli Kothi, Bamboo Kothi, Rachel Villa, Neeli Kothi, Bombay House and many more.. They owned multiple properties in other cities like Srinagar, Kashmir and Mussoorie, Agra and Jaipur. The David family was the only family who owned eight Rolls Royce cars besides the Vice Roy of Delhi. They also owned special horse carriages, one was eight white horses carriage and the second was 6 sable color horses and third carriage was 6 brown horses in Delhi. The family also owned several medical clinics throughout Delhi and over 27 Katras (which means residential communities) for Christian and Hindu Communities in Old Delhi including some at the famous Chandni Chowk which is located near The Red Fort (Lal Kila). The David family donated heavily for good causes and donated money to build a Church in Old Delhi for the Christian Community. Dr. Anurita Kapur, M.D.’s mother’s grand-aunt, wife of Dr. Saul David, who was Dr. (Mrs.) Alice David, M.D., she also served the Old Delhi community as a medical doctor. She was awarded Gold Medal by Lord Lynnlethgo for serving and rendering medical services to the community and to the British Royal family. |
DR. ANURITA G. KAPUR’S MOTHER’S SECOND GENERATION MOVED FROM JAIPUR TO AGRA THEN TO NEW DELHI. |
HISTORY OF NEW DELHI will be posted soon. |
Dr. Daud David's three sons: First son was, Dr. Saul David, M.D., second son, Dr. Arthur David, M.D. and third son Dr. William David, M.D. All his three sons were medical doctors by profession. The second and third sons did not have any children. Dr. Daud David three daughters were named: Mariam David, Martha David and Georgianna David. His 5 children were, Dr. Anurita Kapur's mother, Mrs. Rochelle Sheila David-Kapur her grand-mother (Dadi ji).Dr. Anurita Kapur mother Rochelle Sheila David-Singh-Kapur real great-great maternal Grand Father was Mr. Daud David |
DR. ANURITA G. KAPUR’S MOTHER’S THIRD GENERATION THAT MOVED TO NEW DELHI. |
| HISTORY OF THE CITY OF AGRA Agra (आगरा) the former capital of Hindustan, is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is west of the state capital, Lucknow, and south of the national capital New Delhi. It is one of the most populous cities in Uttar Pradesh and the 19th most populous in India. Agra can also refer to the administrative district that has its headquarters in Agra city. The city is mentioned in the epic Mahābhārata, where it was called Agrevaṇa ("the border of the forest"). Legend ascribes the founding of the city to Raja Badal Singh, a Sikarwar Rajput king (c. 1475), whose fort, Badalgarh, stood on or near the site of the present fort. However, the 11th century Persian poet Mas'ūd Sa'd Salmān writes of a desperate assault on the fortress of Agra, then held by the Shāhī King Jayapala, by SultanMahmud of Ghazni. Sultan Sikandar Lodī was the first to move his capital from Delhi to Agra in 1506. He died in 1517 and his son, Ibrāhīm Lodī, remained in power there for nine more years, finally being defeated at the Battle of Panipat in 1526. Between 1540 and 1556, Afghans, beginning with Sher Shah Suri, and Hindu King Hem Chandra Vikramaditya (also called Hemu), ruled the area. It achieved fame as the capital of the Mughal Empire from 1556 to 1658. It is a major tourist destination because of its many splendid Mughal-era buildings, most notably the Tāj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpūr Sikrī, all three of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Though Agra's history is largely recognised with Mughal Empire, the place was established much before it and has linkages since Mahabharat period and Mahirshi Angira in 1000 BC. It is generally accepted that Sultan Sikandar Lodī, the Ruler of the Delhi Sultanate founded Agra in the year 1504. After the Sultan's death the city passed on to his son Sultan Ibrāhīm Lodī. He ruled his Sultanate from Agra until he fell fighting to Bābar in the First battle of Panipat fought in 1526. |
Dr. Anurita Kapur’s mother’s real paternal, grand-aunt, was the fourth daughter named MARIAM DAVID was married to NAWAAB VILAYAT ALI KHAN, NAWAB of Lucknow, descendant of the Royal Mughal Emperors Dynasty. The title of Nawaab means: in Urdu language, borrowed via Persian from the Arabic word Naib which means 'deputy'. This title was ratified and bestowed by the reigning Mughal Emperor to semi- autonomous Muslim rulers of princely states in South Asia "Nawab" usually refers to males; the female equivalent is "Begum" or "Nawab Begum". The primary duties of a Nawab was to uphold the sovereignty of the Mughal Emperor alongside with the administration of a certain province. The term "Nawab" was originally used for the Subahdar (provincial governor) or viceroy of a Subah (province) or region of the Mughal empire. Muslim rulers preferred this as then they could be referred to as the deputies of God on earth and hence not infringing on God's title, i.e., Lord and master of this earth. The title is specifically founded by the Twelver Shia Muslim Rulers their belief in twelve divinely ordained leaders, known as the Twelve Imāms. The word Naib - E - Imaam (which means Deputy or representative of the Living Imaam Muhammad al-Mahdi). The Royal Mughal Empire Dynasty is the direct descent of Emperor Akbar the Great. Akbar 14 October 1542 – 27 October 1605), known as Akbar the Great, was Mughal Emperor from 1556 until his death. He was the third and greatest ruler of the Mughal Dynasty in India. Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in India. A strong personality and a successful general, Akbar gradually enlarged the Mughal Empire to include nearly all of the Indian Subcontinent north of the Godavari river. His power and influence, however, extended over the entire country because of Mughal military, political, cultural, and economic dominance. To unify the vast Mughal state, Akbar established a centralised system of administration throughout his empire and adopted a policy of conciliating conquered rulers through marriage and diplomacy. In order to preserve peace and order in a religiously and culturally diverse empire, he adopted policies that won him the support of his non-Muslim subjects. Eschewing tribal bonds and Islamic state identity, Akbar strived to unite far-flung lands of his realm through loyalty, expressed through a Persianised culture, to himself as an emperor who had near-divine status. Mughal India developed a strong and stable economy, leading to commercial expansion and greater patronage of culture. Akbar himself was a great patron of art and culture. He was fond of literature, and created a library of over 24,000 volumes written in Sanskrit, Hindustani, Persian, Greek, Latin, Arabic and Kashmiri, staffed by many scholars, translators, artists, calligraphers, scribes, bookbinders and readers. Holy men of many faiths, poets, architects and artisans adorned his court from all over the world for study and discussion. Akbar's courts at Delhi, Agra, and Fatehpur Sikri became centers of the arts, letters, and learning. Perso-Islamic culture began to merge and blend with indigenous Indian elements, and a distinct Indo-Persian culture emerged characterised by Mughal style arts, painting, and architecture. Disillusioned with orthodox Islam and perhaps hoping to bring about religious unity within his empire, Akbar promulgated Din-i-Ilahi, a syncretic creed derived from Islam, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, and Christianity. A simple, monotheistic cult, tolerant in outlook, it centered on Akbar as a prophet, for which he drew the ire of the ulema and orthodox Muslims. Akbar's reign significantly influenced the course of Indian history. During his rule, the Mughal empire tripled in size and wealth. He created a powerful military system and instituted effective political and social reforms. By abolishing the sectarian tax on non-Muslims and appointing them to high civil and military posts, he was the first Mughal ruler to win the trust and loyalty of the native subjects. He had Sanskrit literature translated, participated in native festivals, realizing that a stable empire depended on the co-operation and good-will of his subjects. Thus, the foundations for a multicultural empire under Mughal rule was laid during his reign. Akbar was succeeded as emperor by his son, Jahangir. |
Dr. Anurita Kapur’s mother’s real paternal, grand-aunt, was the fifth daughter named MARTHA DAVID, she was married to SIR RICHARD BROWN who hailed from the British Royal Family descendants, also known as the Lords. British Royal Family are from the direct descendants of H. H. Queen Victoria, H.H. Queen Elizabeth and Prince Charles of England. MORE INFORMATION WILL BE POSTED SOON. |
Dr. Anurita Kapur’s mother’s biological paternal, grand-mother (Dadi ji), was the sixth daughter named GEORGIANNA DAVID was married to MAHARAJA JASWANT SINGH son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Jaswant Singh was going to be seated on the throne and serve as one of the heads to the Golden Temple (a wish of his father (Emperor) Maharaja Ranjit Singh to devote this son Prince Jaswant Singh after he took over his throne and serve the Golden Temple). Maharaja Jaswant Singh was the half-brother of Maharaja Duleep Singh. After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the throne was succeeded by his other half-brother, Maharaja Kharak Singh. Maharaja Jaswant Singh, was the rightful descendant to sit at the Throne. But, after his marriage to a Christian lady, Georgianna David, and his conversion into Christianity, he was not allowed to be part of the royal throne nor to serve at the Golden Temple. He was fatally attacked several times by unknown Sikhs, as a retaliation for converting into Christianity. At this point, Jaswant Singh renounced the royal throne and the service to the Golden Temple. Finally, for safety, he flee from Lahore to Amritsar and then to Delhi with his wife Georgianna and, their son, Prince Athelston David Jaswant Singh (Dr. Anurita Kapur’s maternal grand-father, Nana ji). |
| Dr. Anurita Kapur’s maternal grand father (Nana ji) her mother’s father, their only son named PRINCE ATHELSTON DAVID JASWANT SINGH was married to Ms. EVELYN FELICIA SAMPSON (Dr. Anurita Kapur’s (Nani ji) maternal-grand-mother her mother’s real mother) who was the daughter of Christian religious heads from Kanpur (Cawnpore), India. Anurita’s Nana ji, Prince Athelston David Jaswant Singh, continued to live in Delhi. He invested in properties and businesses. He started a company called, Eastern Arts Gallery, this showroom gallery was located on Taj Road, near the world famous, ‘Taj Mahal’ in Agra. Eastern Arts Gallery, specialized in expensive precious gems: Pearls (Moti), Corals (Moonga), Emeralds (Panna), Yellow Sapphires (Pukhraj), Diamonds (Heera), Blue Saphires (Neelam), Rubies (Manik) and Nine-Gems (Nav-Ratan) Jewelery. Precious metals: Platinum, Gold (sona), Silver (chandi) and Ivory crafts work (elephant tusks are known as Ivory {Ivory work is now banned by the Indian Government - Ministry of Environment and Forests to preserve elephants under the wildlife Protection Act.}). Eastern Arts Gallery, specialized in jewelery, handi-crafts & arts work with only precious jewels, precious metals and ivory. |
Dr. Anurita Kapur’s mother, PRINCESS ROCHELLE SHEILA DAVID JASWANT SINGH was their only daughter, born to PRINCE ATHELSTON DAVID JASWANT SINGH (Anurita's Nana ji) and Mrs. EVELYN FELICIA SAMPSON (Dr. Anurita Kapur’s (Nani ji). |
PICTURES OF MAHARAJA RANJIT SINGH to be posted soon |
THE HISTORY OF ALL GENERATIONS OF DR. ANURITA KAPUR'S BIOLOGICAL ROYAL FAMILY, HER GREAT-GREAT-GREAT MATERNAL GRAND FATHER (PAR-PAR-PAR NANA JI) EMPEROR MAHARAJA MAHA SINGH -->> (HER GREAT-GREAT MATERNAL GRAND FATHER) (PAR-PAR NANA JI) EMPEROR MAHARAJA RANJIT SINGH -->> (HER GREAT MATERNAL GRAND FATHER) (PAR NANA JI) EMPEROR MAHARAJA JASWANT SINGH -->> (HER MATERNAL GRAND FATHER) (NANA JI) PRINCE ATHELSTON DAVID PRINCESS DR. ANURITA KAPUR, M.D. -->> (HER DAUGHTER) PRINCESS REETEKA..... (Emperor) Maharaja Duleep Singh and Maharaja Jaswant Singh’s father, (Emperor) Maharaja Ranjit Singh (13 November 1780 – 27 June 1839) was a very powerful Emperor and the founder of the Sikh Empire, which came to power in the Indian subcontinent in the early half of the 19th century. The empire, based in the Punjab region, existed from 1799 to 1849. It was forged, on the foundations of the Khalsa, under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh from a collection of autonomous Sikh Misls. Maharaja Ranjit Singh was succeeded by his son Kharak Singh. Maharaja Ranjit Singh was born to King Maha Singh and Queen Raj Kaur on 13 November 1780, in Gujranwala, Punjab, into a Sikh family. As a child he suffered from smallpox which resulted in the loss of one eye. At the time, much of Punjab was ruled by the Sikhs under a Confederate Sarbat Khalsa system, who had divided the territory among factions known as misls. Ranjit Singh's father Maha Singh was the Commander of the Sukerchakia misl and controlled a territory in the west Punjab based around his headquarters at Gujranwala. Ranjit Singh had many children from his several wives: Kharak Singh, Sher Singh, Jaswant Singh, Ishal Singh, Tara Singh, Peshaura Singh, Kashmira Singh, Duleep Singh & more and grand-children: Maharaja Naunihal Singh, Raja Athelston David Jaswant Singh, Princess Bamba, Princess Rochelle Sheila David Jaswant Singh. Moran Sarkar was an Indian queen married Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Punjab in 1802. She was a nautch girl before she became a queen. Moran Sarkar was born in a Muslim family in Makhanpur near Ghaziabad. She was a nautch girl. Maharaja Ranjit Singh used to meet her in the Punjab region of India and Pakistan. She used to dance for him at the Baradari of Maharaja Ranjit Singh halfway between Amritsar and Lahore. The place was since called Pul Kanjri but now its name has been changed to 'Pul Moran'. She later married Maharaja Ranjit Singh, a year after he became the maharaja of Lahore at the age of 21 and was officially given a name as Maharani Sahiba. He struck a coin in the name of Rani Moran. She was considered to be very learned in arts and letters. She was known for her philanthropic acts and in bringing Maharaja's attention to many problems. The Maharaja at Moran's request, built a mosque called as Masjid-e-Tawaifan, which was renamed in 1998 as Mai Moran Masjid in Lahore. In 1799, a process of unification was started by Ranjit Singh to establish an empire. The occupation of Lahore from Bhangi Misl in the summer of 1799 marked a watershed in his career. Later he made it his capital. With the conquest of Lahore, Ranjit Singh was fairly launched on a career of systematic aggrandisement which made him master of an empire in less than quarter of a century. Maharaja Ranjit Singh was crowned on 12 April 1801, as the Maharaja of Punjab. He was 20 years old at the time. Sahib Singh, a descendant of Guru Nanak, conducted the coronation. He reduced many neighboring states to tributary status. He gradually established his control over all the Sikh Misl's from Sutlej to the Jhelum. He spent the following years fighting the Durrani rulers of Afghanistan. After driving them out of Punjab, Ranjit Singh and his Sikh army then invaded ethnic Pashtun territories in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. He captured Multan which encompassed the southern parts of Punjab, Peshawar(1818), Jammu and Kashmir (1819). Geography of the Maharaj Ranjit Singh’s Sikh Empire The (Emperor) Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Sikh Empire was also known as Punjab, the Sikh Raj, and Sarkar Khalsaji, was a region straddling the border into modern-day People's Republic of China and Islamic Republic of Afghanistan then popularly referred to as the Kingdom of Kabul. The name of the region "Punjab" or "Panjab", comprises two words "Punj/Panj" and "Ab", translating to "five" and "water" in Persian. When put together this gives a name meaning "the land of the five rivers", coined due to the five rivers that run through the Punjab. Those "Five Rivers" are Beas, Ravi, Sutlej, Chenab and Jhelum, all tributaries of the river Indus, home to the Indus Valley Civilization that perished 3000 years ago. Punjab has a long history and rich cultural heritage. The people of the Punjab are called Punjabis and they speak a language called Punjabi. The following modern day political divisions made up the historical Sikh Empire of Anurita's biological great-great maternal grand-father (Emperor of Punjab) Maharaja Ranjit Singh (see the listed regions below): • Punjab region till Multan in south • Punjab, India • Punjab, Pakistan • Jammu, India • Ganganagar, India • Haryana, India. Including Chandigarh. • Himachal Pradesh, India • Kashmir, conquered in 1818, India/Pakistan/China • Gilgit, Northern Areas, Pakistan (Occupied from 1842 to 1846) • Khyber Pass, Afghanistan/Pakistan • Peshawar, Pakistan (taken in 1818, retaken in 1834) • North-West Frontier Province and FATA, Pakistan (documented from Hazara (taken in 1818–22) to Bannu) • Parts of Western Tibet (1841), China Army of the Sikh Empire under Ranjit Singh Army of Sikh Empire, a formidable military machine that helped the Ranjit Singh carve out an extensive kingdom and maintain it amid hostile and ambitious neighbors. All of Ranjit Singh’s conquests were achieved by Punjabi armies composed of mostly Sikhs, Muslims, and Hindus. His commanders were also drawn from different religious communities, as were his cabinet ministers. Ranjit Singh decided to intensify the training and organize his army. The reorganization carried out at Amritsar gave a clearer picture of the forces available and fixed the responsibility for putting them into field. Once the responsibility has been fixed Ranjit Singh set most exacting standards of efficiency in march, manoeuvre, and marksmanship. He was keen on adopting European methods, but never completely wanted to discard the system which he had inherited from his forefathers. The military system of Ranjit Singh as it finally evolved, was a blend of best of both, the old and the new ideas. Gurdwaras built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh At the Harmandir Sahib, renovations and much of the present decorative gilding and marblework date back from the early 19th century. The real pure gold work and intricate marble work were conducted under the patronage of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Maharaja of the Punjab. The Sher-e Punjab (Lion of Punjab) was a generous patron of the shrine and is remembered with much affection by the Sikhs. Maharaja Ranjit Singh deeply loved and admired the teachings of the Tenth Guru of Sikhism Guru Gobind Singh, thus built two of the most sacred temples in Sikhism. These are Takht Sri Patna Sahib, the birth place of Guru Gobind Singh, and Takht Sri Hazur Sahib, the place where Guru Gobind Singh died, in Nanded, Maharashtra in 1708. Maharaja Ranjit Singh is remembered for uniting the Punjab as a strong nation and his possession of the Koh-i-Noor diamond, which was given to him by Shuja Shah Durrani of Afghanistan. Ranjit Singh willed the Koh-i-Noor to Jagannath Temple in Puri, Odisha while on his deathbed in 1839. His most lasting legacy was the golden beautification of the Harmandir Sahib, most revered Gurudwara of the Sikhs, with marble and gold, from which the popular name of the "Golden Temple" is derived. |
What is the importance of the Golden Temple for Sikhs? The Harmandir Sahib, also Darbar Sahib, and informally referred to as the "Golden Temple" is a prominent Sikh Gurdwara located in the city of Amritsar, Punjab, India. It was built by the fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjan, in the 16th Century. In 1604, Guru Arjan completed the Adi Granth, the holy scripture of Sikhism, and installed it in the Gurdwara. There are four doors to get into the Harmandir Sahib, which symbolize the openness of the Sikhs towards all people and religions. The history, status and sanctity of the world famous Golden Temple of the Sikhs, situated at Amritsar in India, (original name: Sri Harmandir Sahib) also (Darbar Sahib) meaning the Temple of God, as its original name, and it forms an island in a lake to which the name of Amritsar (pool of ambrosia) was given by the fifth Sikh Guru, Guru Arjun Dev (1563-1609) in 1589. The informal name given was: The Golden Temple. The town, which grew around this Harmandir subsequently, also acquired the same name, unity of God, oneness of humanity, truths love and compassion. The preservation of sanctity of this place is a matter of prestige and self-respect, a life and death struggle for the Sikhs. Tradition has it that the site on which the Golden Temple stands was sanctified by the visit to it by Guru Nanak (1569-1539) the first Sikh Guru. He had then asked the succeeding Gurus to develop the area into a great spiritual centre radiating the message of love and peace to the entire mankind. This place had also been sanctified by the presence and visit of seven of the ten Sikh Gurus. The Golden Temple complex, right from its inception has been the hub of' the Sikhs and commanded the respect and unflinching faith of the Sikhs irrespective Of their position and status. The Sikh independent states, the twelve misls of the 18th century, and Maharaja Ranjit Singh had been humbly submitting and complying with the religious and temporal edicts issued by the Akal Takht. It is so, because of its highest theo-political status and spiritual potency. In the nineteenth century, Maharaja Jaswant Singh and Maharaja Daleep Singh’s father, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, secured the Punjab region from outside attack and covered the upper floors of the Gurdwara with gold, which gives it its distinctive appearance and its English name “The Golden Temple”. The present gold decorative gilding and intricate marblework conducted under the patronage of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Maharaja of the Punjab. The Sher-e-Punjab (Lion of the Punjab) was a generous patron of the shrine and is remembered with much affection by the Sikhs. Maharaja Ranjit Singh deeply loved and admired the teachings of the Tenth Guru of Sikhism Guru Gobind Singh, thus built two of the most sacred temples in Sikhism. These are Takht Sri Patna Sahib, the birth place of Guru Gobind Singh, and Takht Sri Hazur Sahib, the place where Guru Gobind Singh died, in Nanded, Maharashtra in 1708. |
PICTURES OF GOLDEN TEMPLE |
Takht Sri Patna Sahib The Gurdwara at Patna Sahib was in remembrance of the birthplace of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the tenth Guru of the Sikhs on 22 December 1666, and like many historical Gurdwara's in India and Pakistan, this Gurdwara too, was built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780-1839), the first Maharaja of the Sikh Empire, on the banks of Ganges river, in Patna, Bihar. It was here at Takhat Patna Sahib, that Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru was born in 1666. He also spent his early years here before moving to Anandpur. Besides being the birthplace of Guru Gobind Singh, Patna was also honored by visits from Guru Nanak as well as Guru Tegh Bahadur. This is one of only five Takhats or Holy Seats of Authority of the Sikhs. The Gurdwara Patna Sahib is in remembrance of the birthplace ofGuru Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru of the Sikhs. Like many historical Gurdwaras in India and Pakistan, this Gurdwara was built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. |
Hazur Sahib Nanded Hazūr Sāhib, also spelled Hazoor Sahib, more called as Takht Sachkhand Shri Hazur Abchalnagar Sahib and also known as Abchal Nagar, is one of the five takhts ("thrones", seats of temporal authority) in Sikhism. It is located on the banks of the River Godavari at the city of Nanded in the state of Maharashtra, Western India. It is where the 10th guru, Guru Gobind Singh Ji completed his last breath. The gurudwara within the complex is known Sach-Khand "Realm of Truth". The structure is built at the place of death of Guru Gobind Singh. The inner room of the gurdwara is called the Angitha Sahib and is built over the place where Guru Gobind Singh was cremated in 1708. The construction of the gurdwara was done from 1832 to 1837 by order of Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780–1839). |
PICTURES OF HAZUR SAHIB TO BE POSTED SOON |
What is the Koh-i-Noor Diamond? The Koh-i-Noor, "Mountain of Light"; is a 105.6 metric carats diamond, weighing 21.6 grammes in the most recent cut state, and once the largest known diamond. The Koh-i-Noor is believed to have originated in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India together with its double, the Darya-ye Noor (the "Sea of Light"). The diamond has belonged to many dynasties, including Kakatiyas, Rajputs, Mughal, Afsharid, Durrani Empires, Sikh and British who seized it as a spoil of war time and time again. The diamond was originally 793 carats when uncut, In 1850, the diamond was confiscated from the Sikh Empire by the British East India Company and became part of the British Crown Jewels when Queen Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India in 1877. The diamond was traditionally known as "Kuh-e nur" in the 18th century after his conquest of India. The diamond is currently set into the Crown of Queen Elizabeth and is on display at the Tower of London. Legend has it that the diamond originally belonged to the Kakatiya dynasty. The diamond probably came from the Kollur mines, near the village in the present-day Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, India. After the assassination of Nādir Shāh in 1747, the stone came into the hands of his general, Ahmad Shāh Durrānī of Afghanistan. In 1830, Shujāh Shāh Durrānī, the deposed ruler of Afghanistan, managed to flee with the diamond. He went to Lahore where (King) Maharaja Ranjīt Singh forced him to surrender it; in return for this, Ranjīt Singh won back the Afghan throne for Shah Shujā'. |
PICTURES OF KOH-I-NOOR DIAMOND TO BE POSTED SOON |
PICTURES OF TAKHT SRI PATNA SAHIB TO BE POSTED SOON |
Memorials and museums Statue in the Parliament of India On 20 August 2003, an 22-foot tall bronze statue of Maharaja Ranjit Singh was installed in the Parliament of India. The Parliament of India, also popularly known as Sansad – (संसद); is the supreme legislative body in India. The Parliament comprises the President of India and the two Houses—Lok Sabha (House of the People) and Rajya Sabha (Council of States). The President has the power to summon and prorogue either House of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha. India's Parliament is bicameral; Rajya Sabha is the upper house and Lok Sabha is the lower house. The two Houses meet in separate chambers in the Sansad Bhavan (located on the Sansad Marg or "Parliament Street") in New Delhi. Those elected or nominated (by the President) to either house of Parliament are referred to as Members of Parliament or MPs. The MPs of Lok Sabha are directly elected by the Indian public and the MPs of Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of the State Legislative Assemblies, in accordance with proportional representation. The Parliament is composed of 790 MPs, who serve the largest democratic electorate in the world; 714 million Indians registered to vote in the 2009 general elections. |
PICTURES OF SANSAD – PARLIAMENT OF INDIA IN NEW DELHI, INDIA TO BE POSTED SOON |
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Museum A garden was laid out in 1818 in the north of the Amritsar city at the behalf of Shalimar Bagh of Lahore, known as Ram Bagh at the name of Guru Ram Dass. Maharaja devoted his time in this palace in summer days during the visit of Amritsar. It has been converted into the shape of Museum during the 400th years celebrations of Amritsar City. The Museum displays objects connecting to Maharaja Ranjit Singh such as arms and armour, outstanding paintings and centuries old coins and manuscripts. |
PICTURES OF MAHARAJA DULEEP SINGH AND KOH-I-NOOR DIAMOND IN QUEEN VICTORIA’S CROWN TO BE POSTED SOON |
Maharaja Jaswant Singh was the half-brother of Maharaja Daleep Singh who also accepted Christianity later on, they both were born of different wives of Maharaja Ranjit Singh their father. As the (Emperor) Maharaja, had several Maharanis (Queens), princesses and inter-religion ladies, including two moslem, as his wives. Maharaja Daleep Singh accepted Christianity. Maharaja Dalip Singh, GCSI (6 September 1838, Lahore, Sikh Empire – 22 October 1893, Paris, France), commonly called Duleep Singh and later in life nicknamed the Black Prince of Perthshire, was the last (King) Maharaja of the Sikh Empire. He was the youngest son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and he came to power after a series of intrigues, in which several other claimants to the throne and to the Koh-i-Noor diamond, killed each other. After his exile to Britain at age 13 following the British annexation of the Punjab, he was befriended by Queen Victoria. In June 1850, Lord Dalhousie presented the Kohinoor Diamond by Dalip Singh after it was confiscated by the British. From that date on, the diamond became part of the Crown Jewels, set in the Crown of Queen Elizabeth and on display in the Jewel House in the Tower of London. Dalip Singh was much admired by Queen Victoria, who is reported to have written of the Punjabi Maharajah: "Those eyes and those teeth are too beautiful". The Queen was godmother to several of his children. Singh is considered as Britain's first Sikh settler, having been exiled to its shores in 1854, after being dethroned and having his country annexed by the East India Company in 1849. Dalip Singh was crowned to the throne of Punjab in 1843 succeeding his other half-brother, Maharaja Sher Singh. After the close of the Second Anglo-Sikh War and the subsequent annexation of the Punjab on 29 March 1849, he was deposed at the age of eleven by the East India Company under Governor-General Hardinge and was separated from his mother, who was imprisoned. He was put into the care of Dr. John Login and sent from Lahore to Fatehgarh on 21 December 1849. The British took, in controversial circumstances, the Koh-i-Noor diamond along with other items of Dalip Singh's family's considerable personal estate, country and religious property (most items were sold by public auction) to Queen Victoria as reportedly part of the terms of the conclusion of the war and the 250th anniversary of the East India Company on 3 July 1850. His health was reportedly poor, and he was mostly in quasi-exile in Fatehgarh and Lucknow after 1849, with tight restrictions on who he was allowed to meet. No Indians, except trusted servants, could meet him in private. As a matter of British policy, he was to be anglicised in every possible respect. While no specific information was released about his health, he was often sent to the hill station of Landour near Mussoorie in the Lower Himalaya for convalescence, at the time about 4 days' journey. He would remain for weeks at a time in Landour at a grand hilltop building called The Castle, which had been lavishly furnished to accommodate him. In his early years, he went to Britain. Queen Victoria transformed him into Fredrick and he became a Christian abandoning his own faith. In his later years, he met his mother and announced himself to once again be a Sikh. His mother died in Britain. Legality of the Koh-i-noor being acquired by the British The Koh-I-Noor diamond was given to Queen Victoria by Daleep Singh as a part of the treaty of Bhyowal. He also had to give up all claims to the Punjab. Daleep Singh's arrival on the shores of England in 1853 threw him into the European court. Queen Victoria showered affection upon the turbaned Maharaja, as did the Prince Consort. Daleep Singh was initially lodged at Claridge's Hotel in London before the East India Company took over a house in Wimbledon and then eventually another house in Roehampton which became his home for 3 years. He was also invited by the Queen to stay with the Royal Family at Osborne, where she sketched him playing with her children and Prince Albert photographed him, while the court artist, Winterhalter, made his portrait. He eventually got bored with Roehampton and expressed a wish to go back to India but it was suggested by the East India Company Board he take a tour of the European continent which he did with Sir John Spencer Login and Lady Login. The Koh-i-noor diamond is now in the crown of England. Daleep Singh died in Paris in 1893 at the age of 55, having seen India after the age of fifteen only during two brief, tightly-controlled visits in 1860 (to bring his mother to England) and in 1863 (to scatter his mother's ashes). Daleep Singh's wish for his body to be returned to India was not honoured, in fear of unrest, given the symbolic value the funeral of the son of the Lion of the Punjab might have caused, given growing resentment of British rule. His body was brought back to be buried according to Christian rites, under the supervision of the India Office in Elveden Church beside the grave of his wife Maharani Bamba, and his son Prince Edward Albert Duleep Singh. The graves are located on the west side of the Church. |
Dr. Anurita Kapur’s maternal great-grand father (par nana ji), Maharaja Jaswant Singh was a very close friend was Sadhu Sundar Singh of Patiala, who was originally born into a Sikh family but later converted into Christianity as well. |
PICTURES OF SADHU SUNDAR SINGH TO BE POSTED SOON |
Sadhu Sundar Singh (September 3, 1889, Patiala State, India) was an Indian Christian missionary, he was a close friend of Anurita's great-grand-father Maharaja Jaswant Singh. He is believed to have died in the foothills of the Himalayas in 1929. Sundar Singh was born into a Sikh family in the village of Rampur (Punjab state) in northern India. Sikhism, founded about 1500 AD, is a religion that teaches belief in one God and rejects the caste system; it had become one of the established religions in the area, standing apart from both Hinduism and Islam. Sundar Singh's mother took him to sit at the feet of a sadhu, an ascetic holy man, who lived in the jungle some miles away, while also sending him to Ewing Christian High School,Ludhiana, in order to learn English. In October 1906, he set out on his journey as a new Christian, wearing a turban and the yellow robe of a Hindu sadhu, an ascetic devoted to spiritual practice. Singh viewed himself as a sadhu, albeit one within Christianity rather than Hinduism, because he realized Christianity could not penetrate India unless it was in an Indian way. His words were, "I am not worthy to follow in the steps of my Lord," he said, "but, like Him, I want no home, no possessions. Like Him I will belong to the road, sharing the suffering of my people, eating with those who will give me shelter, and telling all men of the love of God." Sundar Singh travelled northward through the Punjab, over the Bannihal Pass into Kashmir, and then back through Muslim Afghanistan and into the brigand-infested North-West Frontier and Baluchistan. He was referred to as "the apostle with the bleeding feet" by the Christian communities of the north. He suffered arrest and stoning for his beliefs, and experienced mystical encounters. In 1908, he crossed the frontier of Tibet. Sundar Singh realised that India would not readily convert to Western-style Christianity, although people had responded to his sadhu's robe. Stories from those years are astonishing and sometimes incredible. Indeed there were those, who insisted that they were mystical rather than real happenings. That first year, 1912, he returned with an extraordinary account of finding a three-hundred- year old Christian hermit in a mountain cave—the Maharishi of Kailas, with whom he spent some weeks in deep fellowship. The Maharishi of Kailas experienced ecstatic visions about the secret fellowship that he retold to Sundar Singh, and Singh himself built his spiritual life around visions. During his twenties, Sundar Singh's ministry widened greatly, and long before he was thirty, his name and picture were familiar all over the Christian world. He described a struggle with Satan to retain his humility, but people described him as always human, approachable and humble, with a sense of fun and a love of nature. This character, with his illustrations from ordinary life, gave his addresses great impact. Many people said, "He not only looks like Jesus, he talks like Jesus must have talked." His talks and his personal speech were informed by his habitual early morningmeditation, especially on the gospels. In 1918 he made a long tour of South India and Ceylon, and the following year he was invited to Burma, Malaya, China and Japan. Sadhu Sundar Singh is treasured by many as a formative figure in the development of the Christian church in India. |
Dr. Anurita Kapur’s mother’s Aunt (her father’s biological first cousin sister), named DAISY DAVID was married to DENNIS LEWIS MAYA DAS, he was a first class magistrate in Delhi, India. They had three children, two daughters and one son. Magistrate Dennis Lewis Mayadas’s younger brother, was Justice Edgar Lewis Maya Das was married to Helen Premnath Das their only daughter was Gypsie Lewis Mayadas. Magistrate Dennis’s only sister was Gunwati Lewis Mayadas who was married to (King) Raja Maharaj Singh. Her Christian name was Gertrude-Gunwati Lewis Mayadas. (King) Raja Sir Maharaj Singh, CIE, CStJ (born 17 May 1878, Kapurthala, Punjab – died 6 June 1959, Lucknow) was the first Indian Governor of Bombay. Anurita's Uncle (King) Raja Maharaj Singh was the son of (King) Raja Harnam Singh of the Kapurthala royal family. He was educated at Harrow School and Balliol College in Oxford, where he completed his MA, and was called to Bar by the Middle Temple in 1902. Starting off as the Deputy Collector of United Provinces, he held several positions in the government of India. He was elected the chancellor of Lucknow University in 1941 and served for a short span as the Prime Minister of Kashmir. He was the Governor of Bombay from 1948 to 1952. He was appointed a CIE in 1915 and knighted in 1933. At the age of 72 he captained the Bombay Governor's XI against a touring Commonwealth XI in a match starting on 25 November 1950. This makes him the oldest cricketer to make his first class debut and the oldest player to play the first class game. Coming in to bat at No.9, he edged Jim Laker for 3 and one run later, was caught at first slip off the same bowler. He took no part in the game after the first day and Yadavindra Singh of Patiala captained the side in his absence. Laker was 44 years younger than the man he dismissed. The Test cricketer Rusi Modi served as his ADC while he was the Bombay governor. Anurita's Aunt (Princess) Rajkumari Amrit Kaur who was the minister of health in the Indian Cabinet of Nehru government was his younger sister. He was married to Gunwati Maya Das of Ferozepore (after marriage she was titled as, Rani Gunwati Mayadas Maharaj Singh), they had two sons and a daughter named Raja Ranbir Singh, Kanwar Mahindar Singh and Prem Maharaj Singh. Honours (ribbon bar, as it would look today) • Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE)-1915 • Knight Bachelor-1933 • King George V Silver Jubilee Medal-1935 • Commander of the Order of St John (CStJ)-1937 • King George VI Coronation Medal-1937 • Indian Independence Medal-1947 Dr. Anurita Kapur’s Aunt (her mother’s biological paternal 2nd Cousins, Raja Sir Maharaj Singh’s sister) (Princess) Rajkumari Amrit Kaur DStJ (2 February 1889 – 2 October 1964) was the health minister in the Indian Cabinet for ten years after India's independence from the British Raj in 1947. She was an eminent Gandhian, a freedom fighter, and a social activist. Princess Amrit Kaur was born on 2 February 1889 in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (then United Provinces), India. She and her seven brothers were the eight children of Rājā Harnam Singh, a member of the princely family of Kapurthalā in the Punjab region and his wife Rāni Harnām Singh, who was the daughter of a Bengali Presbyterian mother and an Anglican father. She had her early education in Sherborne School for Girls in Dorset, England, and had her college education at Oxford University. After completing her education in England, she returned to India. She served as the Chairperson of the All India Women’s Education Fund Association. She was a member of the Executive Committee of Lady Irwin College in New Delhi. The British Raj appointed her as a member of the Advisory Board of Education; (she resigned from that Board during the Quit India Movement). She was sent as a member of the Indian delegation to UNESCO conferences in London and Paris in 1945 and 1946, respectively. She also served as a member of the Board of Trustees of the All India Spinners’ Association. Her father , Raja Harnam Singh enjoyed the confidence of many Indian National Congress (INC) party leaders, including Gopal Krishna Gokhale. After her return to India from England, she got interested in India's freedom struggle through the occasional visits of those leaders to her father's home. After meeting in person Mahatma Gandhi in 1919 in Bombay (Mumbai), she felt drawn to his thoughts and vision for the country. The notorious Jallianwala Bagh massacre of mostly Sikhs the same year by the British Raj troops convinced her of the necessity of India's gaining its freedom from the Raj. She joined the INC, and began to participate in India's struggle for freedom, and also in social reform activities in India. She co-founded the All India Women’s Conference in 1927, became its secretary in 1930, and president in 1933. For her participation in Gandhi-led 240-mile Dandi March in 1930, British Raj authorities imprisoned her. She went to live at Mahatma Gandhi's ashram in 1934, and took up the austere life there despite her aristocratic background. She served as one of Mahatma Gandhi's secretaries for sixteen years. As a representative of the INC, in 1937 She went on a mission of goodwill to Bannu, in the present day Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. The British Raj authorities charged her with sedition and imprisoned her. In 1942, she participated in the Quit India Movement, and the Raj authorities imprisoned her again. She championed the cause of universal suffrage, and testified before the Lothian Committee on Indian franchise and constitutional reforms, and before the Joint Select Committee of British Parliament on Indian constitutional reforms. She worked to reduce illiteracy, and eradicate the custom of child marriages and the purdah system for women, which were prevalent then among some Indian communities. After India’s independence, Princess Amrit Kaur became part of Jawaharlal Nehru's first Cabinet; she was the first woman to hold Cabinet rank. She was assigned the Ministry of Health and was one of only two Indian Christians in the Cabinet along with John Mathai. In 1950, she was elected the president of World Health Organization (W.H.O.), becoming the first woman and the first Asian to hold that post; for the first 25 years of that organization's history, only two women held that post. Kaur was a strong moving force behind the establishment of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi, and became its first president. For establishing the institute, she secured aid from New Zealand, Australia, West Germany, Sweden, and USA. She and one of her brothers donated their ancestral property and house (named Manorville) in Simla, Himachal Pradesh to serve as a holiday home for the staff and nurses of the Institute. Kaur served as the Chairperson of the Indian Red Cross society for fourteen years. During her leadership, the Indian Red Cross did a number of pioneering works in the hinterlands of India. She initiated the Tuberculosis Association of India and the Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute in Madras (Chennai). She started the Amrit Kaur College of Nursing and the National Sports Club of India. From 1957 until her death in 1964, she remained a member of Rajya Sabha. Between 1958 and 1963 Kaur was the president of the All-India Motor Transport Congress in Delhi. Until her death, she continued to hold the presidencies of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, the Tuberculosis Association of India, and the St. John’s Ambulance Corps. She also was awarded the Rene Sand Memorial Award. Today, her private papers are part of the Archives at the Nehru Memorial Museum & Library, at Teen Murti House, Delhi. (King) Raja Sir Maharaj Singh and (Princess) Rajkumari Amrit Kaur’s father, (King) Raja Sir Harnam Singh, KCIE (15 November 1851 - 20 May 1930) who was the second son of Raja Sir Randhar Singh Bahadur, GCSI, Raja of Kapurthala and younger brother of Raja Karak Singh Bahadur, Raja of Kapurthala. Prince Kharak Singh succeeded to the Kapurthala throne and died without any issue. Rajkumari Amrit Kaur’s father converted to Christianity; this debarred them from succeeding to the throne of Kapurthala but their prestige remained intact. Thus, Harnam Singh was deprived of the throne but as a corrective measure the British Govt made Harnam Singh a hereditary Raja, awarded a Knighthood, KCSI, gave administration of his Awadh properties for his lifetime. Although raised a Sikh from birth, Sir Harnam later became a pious Christian and missionary, eventually becoming President of the National Missionary Society of India. In 1875, Raja Harnam Singh married Rani Kaur Sahiba, and had eight children, seven sons and one daughter: 1. Raja Ragubhir Singh, OBE (3 May 1876-17 November 1932) 2. Kanwar Rajendra Singh (1877–1883) 3. Raja Sir Maharaj Singh, CIE, CStJ (17 May 1878-6 June 1959), who had issue (see article) 4. Lieutenant Colonel Dr. Kanwar Shamsher Singh, M.D., MRCS, LRCP (21 June 1879-?) 5. Captain Dr. Kanwar Indrajit Singh, MC, M.D., MRCP (27 December 1883-23 November 1914) (KIA) 6. Kanwar Sir Dalip Singh (2 June 1885-13 January 1971) 7. Kanwar Jasbir Singh, CIE (16 June 1887-15 October 1942), who had issue including: • Air Vice Marshal Kanwar Jaswant Singh, PVSM (1915–1963) • Lieutenant Kanwar Billy Arjan Singh (1917–2010) 8. Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, DStJ (2 February 1889-10 February 1964) |
| Dr. Anurita Kapur’s mother’s father’s mom (Georgianna David’s) biological brother (Mama ji) was the first son, Dr. Saul David, M.D., had 4 children, of which 2 daughters and 2 sons. Bertie David, Theodore David, Mercy David and Daisy David. |
| Dr. Anurita Kapur’s mother’s father’s mom (Georgianna’s) real brother (Mama ji’s son). The first son named BERTIE DAVID was married to VIOLET GARDNER daughter of Lord Gardner who hailed from a Royal British Family backround and her mother was a Princess from the Mughal Dynasty. |
| Dr. Anurita Kapur’s mother’s father’s mom (Georgianna’s) real brother (Mama ji’s son). The second son named THEODORE DAVID was married to Ms. VICTORIA SKINNER daughter of Lord Colonel Skinner hailing from the Royal British Family, he served the British Army. |
| Dr. Anurita Kapur’s mother’s real paternal grand father The fourth daughter named MERCY DAVID was married to Mr. Joel Wiselall, he translated the Holy Bible from English to Urdu (Roman Urdu). |
PICTURES OF KAPURTHALA CITY & ITS PALACES & GARDENS TO BE POSTED SOON |
Where is Kapurthala? Kapurthala is a city in Punjab state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of Kapurthala District. It was the capital of the Kapurthala State, a princely state in British India. The secular and aesthetic mix of the city with its prominent buildings based on French and Indo-Saracenic architecture self-narrate its princely past. It is also known as city of Palaces & Gardens. |
| Second, born son was, Afzal Naseem Lewis Maya Das. (More information will be posted.) Third, born daughter was, Husn-ara Lewis Maya Das. (More information will be posted.) |
Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah served as leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistan's independence on 14 August 1947, and as Pakistan's first Governor-General from independence until his death. He is revered in Pakistan as Quaid-i-Azam (Great Leader) and Baba-i-Qaum (Father of the Nation). His birthday is observed as a national holiday. Born in Karachi and trained as a barrister at Lincoln's Inn in London, Jinnah rose to prominence in the Indian National Congress in the first two decades of the 20th century. In these early years of his political career, Jinnah advocated Hindu–Muslim unity, helping to shape the 1916 Lucknow Pact between the Congress and the All-India Muslim League, a party in which Jinnah had also become prominent. Jinnah became a Muslims should a united British India become independent. In 1920, however, Jinnah resigned from the Congress when it agreed to follow a campaign of satyagraha, or non-violent resistance, advocated by the influential leader, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. |
PICTURES OF MUHAMMAD ALI JINNAH TO BE POSTED SOON |
PICTURES OF ZULFIKAR ALI BHUTTO TO BE POSTED SOON |
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was a Pakistani politician and statesman who served as the 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977, and prior to that as the 4th President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973. He was also the founder of the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) and served as its Chairman until his execution in 1979. In 1949, as college sophomore, Bhutto transferred to the University of California, Berkeley, where he earned a B.A. (honours) degree in Political science in 1950. Here, Bhutto would become interested in the theories of socialism, delivering a series of lectures on the feasibility of socialism in Islamic countries. During this time, Bhutto's father, Sir Shahnawaz, played a controversial role in the affairs of the state of Junagadh (now in Gujarat). Coming to power in a palace coup as the dewan, he secured the accession of the state to Pakistan, which was ultimately negated by Indian intervention in December 1947. In June 1950, Bhutto travelled to the United Kingdom to study law at Christ Church— a constituent college of the University of Oxford— and received an LLB, followed by another advanced LLM degree in Law and M.Sc. (honours) degree in Political science. Upon finishing his studies, he was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in the year 1953 (the same school at which Muhammad Ali Jinnah studied law). Educated at USC, Berkeley and Oxford, Bhutto trained as a barrister at Lincoln's Inn. He entered politics as one of President Sikander Mirza's cabinet members, before being assigned several ministries during President Ayub Khan's military rule from 1958. Appointed Foreign Minister in 1963, Bhutto was a proponent of Operation Gibraltar in Indian-occupied Kashmir, leading to war with India in 1965. After the Tashkent Agreement ended hostilities, Bhutto fell out with Ayub and was sacked from government. He founded the PPP in 1967. Bhutto was handed over the presidency in December 1971 and emergency rule was imposed. By July 1972, Bhutto had recovered 93,000 prisoners of war and 5,000 square miles of Indian-held territory after signing the Simla Agreement. He strengthened ties with China and Saudi Arabia, recognised Bangladesh, and hosted the second Organisation of the Islamic Conference in Lahore in 1974. Domestically, Bhutto's reign saw parliament unanimously approve a new constitution in 1973, upon which he appointed Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry President and switched to the newly empowered office of Prime Minister. He also played an integral role in initiating the country's atomic bomb programme. However, Bhutto's nationalisation of much of Pakistan's fledgling industries, healthcare, and educational institutions led to economic stagnation. Bhutto was deposed by his appointed, Chief of Army Staff, General Mohammed Zia-ul-Haq. Later, Mohammad Zia-ul- Haq was the sixth President of Pakistan from 1978 until his death in 1988, having declared martial law for the third time in the country's history in 1977. He was Pakistan's longest-serving head of state, ruling eleven years. While Bhutto remains a contentious figure in Pakistan's history, his party, the PPP, remains Pakistan's largest national political party, his daughter Honorable Benazir Bhutto, twice served as Prime Minister, and his son-in-law and Hon. Benazir's husband, Hon. Asif Ali Zardari, is the current President of Pakistan. |
| Magistrate Dennis Lewis Maya Das and Mrs. Daisy David Lewis Maya Das had three children: First born daughter was, Nishat-ara Lewis Maya Das. She was married to Mr. Jack Elliott, an American (of English & American Descent) an engineer by profession. Mr. Jack Elliott was one of the very important men of the team, in charge, of the Bhakra Nangal Dams Project in India. Bhakra Dam is a concrete gravity dam across the Sutlej River, and is in Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh in northern India. The dam, located at a gorge near the (now submerged) upstream Bhakra village in Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh, is India's second tallest at 225.55 m (740 ft) high next to the 261m Tehri Dam. The length of the dam (measured from the road above it) is 518.25 m; it is 9.1 m broad. Its reservoir, known as the "Gobind Sagar", stores up to 9.34 billion cubic metres of water, enough to drain the whole of Chandigarh, parts of Haryana, Punjab and Delhi. The 90 km long reservoir created by the Bhakra Dam is spread over an area of 168.35 km. In terms of storage of water, it withholds the second largest reservoir in India, the first being Indira Sagar Dam in Madhya Pradesh with capacity of 12.22 billion cu m. Described as 'New Temple of Resurgent India' by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India, the dam attracts tourists from all over India. Nangal dam is another dam downstream of Bhakra dam. Sometimes both the dams together are called Bhakra-Nangal dam though they are two separate dams. The Bhakra-Nangal multipurpose dams were among the earliest river valley development schemes undertaken by India after independence though the project had been conceived long before India became a free nation. Preliminary works commenced in 1946. Construction of the dam started in 1948, Jawahar Lal Nehru poured the first bucket of concrete into the foundations of Bhakra on 18 November 1955 and the dam was completed by the end of 1963. Successive stages were completed by the early 1970s. Initially, the construction of the dam was started by Sir Louis Dane, the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab. But the project got delayed and was restarted soon after Independence. In October 1963 at the ceremony to mark the dedication of the Bhakra–Nangal Project to the Nation, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru said, "This dam has been built with the unrelenting toil of man for the benefit of mankind and therefore is worthy of worship. May you call it a Temple or a Gurdwara or a Mosque, it inspires our admiration and reverence". On 22 October, 2013, Bhakra Dam is scheduled to be complete, on the 50 year anniversary of the Nation and Bhakra Beas Management Board. To mark the occasion, Government of India has approved the release of a Commemorative stamp on 22 October 2013. (Mr. Dev Prakash Sood who happened to be the only SDO in Irrigation from combined Punjab during the British Raj was one of the team of Prominent Engineers to make the dream of Bhakra- Nangal Dam a success). The dam, at 741 ft (226 m), is one of the highest gravity dams in the world (compared to USA's largest Hoover Dam at 743 ft). The 166 km²Gobindsagar Reservoir, named after Guru Gobind Singh, is created by this dam which is the third largest reservoir in India the first being Indira Sagar Dam and second Nagarjunasagar Dam. The river Satluj used to flow through a narrow gorge between two hills, Naina Devi ki dhar and Ramgarh ki dhar, and the site was chosen to dam the river. The map nh-43-03.jpg shows the location of the original Bhakra village that was submerged in the lake formed behind the dam. It is 15 km from Nangal City and 20 km from Naina Devi. The city Nangal is also called Bhakra Nangal Dam due to the presence of Nangal Dam. The Bhakra Dam and Nangal Dam are two separate dams: water flooded from Bhakra Dam is actually controlled and maintained by Nangal Dam. The dam was part of the larger multipurpose Bhakra Nangal Project whose aims were to prevent floods in the Sutluj-Beas river valley, to provide irrigation to adjoining states and to provide hydro-electricity. It also became a tourist spot for the tourists during later years because of it huge size and uniqueness. Irrigation The dam was constructed with an aim to provide irrigation to Himachal Pradesh and Punjab. Another reason behind the construction of the dam was to prevent damage due to monsoon floods. The dam provides irrigation to 10 million acres (40,000 km) of fields in Himachal Pradesh, Punjab,Haryana, and Rajasthan. It also has five flood gates to control floods. Electricity generation Bhakra and Nangal dams house hydroelectric power generators, which are situated on both the sides of the dams. Nangal hydel Channel and Anandpur Sahib Channel are used for power generation and irrigation purposes. Each power plant consists of five turbines. Two power houses with a total capacity of 1325 MW flank the dam, on either side of the river. The left power house contains 5 x 108 MW Francis turbines while the right 5 x 157 MW. The power generated at Bhakra Power houses is distributed among partner states of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat DURING EARLY LIFE OF MS. NISHAT-ARA LEWIS MAYA DAS’S IN THE UNIVERSITY As a student, Ms. Nishat-ara Lewis Maya Das, studied at the University of California, in Berkley, U.S.A. She was a good friend and college mate of Hon. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, they attended the same University in the United States. |
PICTURES OF MUTINY PERIOD |
HISTORICAL PICTURES OF DELHI CAPITAL OF INDIA will be posted soon. |
What is the Taj Mahal?
PICTURES OF AGRA & TAJ MAHAL TO BE POSTED SOON |
BHAKRA & NANGAL DAMS TO BE POSTED SOON |
PICTURES OF PRECIOUS STONES, PRECIOUS METALS & IVORY to be posted soon |
| The scroll continues (6) Princess Dr. Anurita Kapur, M.D. (7) Princess Anurita's Daughter Princess Reeteka |
Dr. Anurita Kapur, M.D.’s paternal uncle (father’s second older brother “Tauji”) Dr. Brij Lal Kapur, PhD., Doctorate in Chemistry. He was a graduate of Cambridge University, London, UK. Dr. Brij Lal Kapur was a Gold Medalist. He wrote several Chemistry Research books in England. These books are still utilized by students in England. He migrated to the United States of America over 50 years ago, he served as a Researcher in Chemistry and Professor at several Ivy League United States Universities. He also did research study in Chemistry at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachussetts. Additionally, he partnered with had his major investments in the U.S. “Oil Industry”, which gave him millions Dollars in profits. Later, he resided in New Jersey for over 40 years with his mother. Dr. Anurita Kapur’s third Paternal Uncle Honorable Krishan Lal Kapur, LLM. (father’s third older brother “Tauji”). He was posted as the Commissioner at Lucknow High Court. He is currently practicing law in Lucknow, India. He is a graduate of St. Joseph boys school in Nainital, India (a renowned school), Lucknow University and University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) Law School in Kansas City, Missouri. His wife Dr. Sarojini Devi Kapur, Ph.D., completed her doctorate in Chemistry in Kansas City, Missouri. Later, served as the Head of the Chemistry Department at a renowned University in Lucknow, India. Mr. Moti Lal Kapur (Dr. Anurita Kapur's father). He was a graduate in Pharmacy. He attended Lucknow Christian College, Lucknow, India and St. Joseph Boys School, Nainital, India. His special interests and trained activities were: Hunting, horse riding, skating, yachting, boating, race participation swimming, Dancing (western dancing & ballroom dancing), airplane, jets & helicopter flying. He was a champion in Polo, Billiards and Golf. He was a supporter of his best friends who were kings of different parts of India, especially the state of Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) one of his very closest friend Raja Saheb Chandramani Kant Singh of Bhinga Estates in Uttar Pradesh. Actively involved in the political life of Uttar Pradesh state for more than 24 years as Member of its Legislative Assembly, Raja C. K. Singh has been a wildlife enthusiast ever since he remembers. It was first as a ‘shikari’ (hunter) in his youth and later on in life as a conservationist. He is keenly interested in wildlife photography and maintains a remarkable collection of plants at his palace in Bhinga. Currently, Shri Singh devotes considerable time to his eco-tourism initiative for serious wildlifers, the Bhinga Raj Tiger Tents, camping at the Field Office of the Katerniaghat Foundation located adjacent to Katerniaghat Sanctuary. He is vigorously promoting conservation awareness in the forest villages in and around this protected area. Dr. Anurita Kapur, M.D.’s paternal grand mother (Anurita's father’s mother “Dadi ji”), Mrs. Tara Devi Malhotra-Kapur was a house wife. She was the daughter of Mr. Nanak Chand Malhotra (Anurita's great-grand-father) and Mrs. Mulo Devi Malhotra (Anurita's great-grand-mother) who was a very successful billionaire. His primary ancestral business was money lending to business men. He was from Ajmer later moved to Cawnpore, India. Tara Devi's, mother, Mrs. Mulo Devi was not literate, an Orthodox Kshatriya-Hindu, who followed the traditional teachings of untouchables rules. Following orthodox traditions, she would not touch, nor, let anyone touch her following bathing before dawn (this rule would lift daily after sunset), after sunrise she would perform Hindu prayers and purify the whole mansion with holy water including her kitchen. She would not allow anyone except for special Orthodox-Hindu maids to help in her kitchen area, since no shoes were allowed in the kitchen, she stayed bare-feet, she cooked only strict Hindu-vegetarian meals. She use to wear wooden slippers, since leather shoes were made out of killing animals, which was against Orthodox Hindu teachings. Mrs. Tara Devi, like her mother also a vegetarian and followed the same rules of Orthodox Kshatriya- Hindus. She was a literate lady, she could speak, read and write Hindi. |
| Brigadier Nand Lal Kapur also served as a Director of Indian Military Academy (IMA) in Dehradun, India. (This is a prestigious Indian Military Training School). Later, he settled in New Delhi, India (his home is still exists in New Delhi). IMA Motto: वीरता और विवेक (Valor and Wisdom) Established on 1 October 1932; Military Academy Commandant Lieutenant General Manvendra Singh, AVSM, VSM; Located in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India |
| Brigadier Nand Lal Kapur’s son Ashok Kapur is a diplomat (Anurita's first cousin) holds a prestigious position as an IS Officer. Ashok Kapur is a graduate (a topper) of Mayo College in Ajmer, India. (This is a well renowned royal college.). He also served as the First Secretary to the Indian Ambassador in Iran. Mayo College (Informally Mayo, Eton of India or Eton of the East) is a boys-only independent boarding school in Ajmer, Rajasthan, India. It was founded in 1875 by Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo who was also the Viceroy of India from 1869 to 1872. The school is one of the oldest public boarding schools of India. The present principal is Maj Gen KVS Lalotra, who has occupied the post since 2010 and is the sixteenth principal of the school.The idea for the college was proposed in 1869 by Colonel Walter. The school was founded in 1875 and Colonel Sir Oliver St John became its first principal. The founder's intention was to create an Eton of India. The 1st Earl of Lytton, Viceroy of India, said in a speech on campus in 1879: "The idea was well expressed long ago by Colonel Walter in an excellent and most suggestive report which may have influenced Lord Mayo when he founded the present college. In that very sensible report Colonel Walter pointed out that what was then most needed for the education of India's young rulers and nobles was an Indian Eton. Ajmer is India's Eton and you are India's Eton boys." With a view to providing the leaders of the princely states with an education similar to that given by a "public school" in the United Kingdom, the British built Mayo for the sons of the Indian upper classes, particularly the princes and nobles of Rajputana. The school houses 850 pupils aged 9 to 18. Admission to the school is based on a competitive entrance examination followed by an interview. Mayo College is considered amongst the best boarding schools in the country. Alumni of the school are referred to as Old Boys. Mayo College Coat of Arms The coat of arms was composed from the design furnished by Lockwood Kipling, a former principal of the School of Arts, Lahore and father of the famous Rudyard Kipling. In the upper centre of the shield are Mayo Arms, and Quarterings, a Lion Rampant and an Open Hand. On the right and left are the Sun and the Moon, typical of Suryawanshi and Chandrawanshi, the two great families of Rajputs. Above are the Panch Rang, the five sacred colours of the Rajputs, Red, Gold, Blue, White and Green. In the centre is a Rajput fort – two towers connected by a curtain. The Supports are on the right, a Bhil warrior with string bow and quiver full of arrows. On the left a Rajput, armed at all points, wearing a steel helmet with three plumes, a shield on his back, a dagger and Qatar in his belt, and a suit of chain covered with embroidered cloth and gauntlet on his hand. The motto is "Let there be Light". The badge is a peacock, the sacred bird of Rajputana, standing on a two-edged, two-handed Rajput sword Khanda. Postage stamp. |
| Indian Military Academy (IMA) |
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| Tricolor Flag of India तिरंगा |
NATIONAL FLAG OF INDIA: Anurita explains, that the Indian independence movement in 1931 also adopted a tricolor, (in Hindi: तिरंगा tirangā) in the traditional symbolism of "national unification" and republican "self-rule" (Purna Swaraj), adopted as the flag of the Indian Republic in 1947. From 1947 to present is a horizontal tricolor of saffron at the top, white in the middle, and green at the bottom. In the centre is a navy blue wheel with twenty-four spokes, known as the Ashoka Chakra The National flag of India was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on 22 July 1947, when it became the official flag of the Dominion of India. The flag was subsequently retained as that of the Republic of India. In India, the term "tricolor" (Hindi: तिरंगा, Tirangā) almost always refers to the Indian national flag. The flag is based on the Swaraj flag, a flag of the Indian National Congress. Indian Flag Colors, meaning and symbolism: Saffron stands for renunciation, disinterestedness, courage and sacrifice White symbolizes truth, peace and purity Green represents prosperity, vibrance and life. The Ashok Chakra (wheel) represents the righteousness, progress and perpetuity. The 24 spokes of the wheel represents the 24 hours of a day. |
| सत्यमेव जयते |
| Satyamev Jayatey "Truth alone Triumphs" |
| Dr. Anurita Kapur and her medical doctor Husband & their only child their daughter little Reeteka in Sanskrit: रितिका, she was born & raised in New York, United States. (This picture is a 10 year old picture of Anurita & her husband when they were together and happy.) |
| NATIONAL ANTHEM OF INDIA - राष्ट्रीय गीत गुरुदेव रवींद्र नाथ टैगोर भारत के बँगला साहित्य के शिरोमणि कवि थे I उनकी कविता में प्रकृति के सौंदर्य और कोमलतम मानवीय भावनाओं का उत्कृष्ट चित्रण हैI "जन गण मन" उनकी रचित एक विशिष्ट कविता है जिसके प्रथम छंद को हमारे राष्ट्रीय गीत होने का गौरव प्राप्त है I गणतंत्र दिवस और राष्ट्रीय शुभ अवसरओं पर, आप सबको यह कविता मूल बंगला रूप में प्रस्तुत है I National Anthem: जन गण मन जन गण मन अधिनायक जय हे भारत भाग्य विधाता पंजाब सिन्ध गुजरात मराठा द्राविड़ उत्कल बंग विन्ध्य हिमाचल यमुना गंगा उच्छल जलधि तरंग तव शुभ नामे जागे तव शुभ आशिष मागे गाहे तव जय गाथा जन गण मंगल दायक जय हे भारत भाग्य विधाता जय हे जय हे जय हे जय जय जय जय हे Indian National Anthem English Pronunciation: Jan gan man adhi naayaka jaya hai! Bhaarat bhaagya vidhaata Punjab Sindh Gujarat Maraatha, Dravid Utkala Bangaa. Vindhya Himachala Yamuna Ganga, Uchhala jaladhi taranga. Tava shubh naame jaage, Tava shubh aashish maage, Gahe tava jaya-gaatha. Jana-gana-mangaladayaka jaya hai! Bharat bhagya vidhata. Jaya hai! Jaya hai! Jaya hai! Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya hai! English Translation: "Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people, dispenser of India's destiny. The name rouses the hearts of Punjab, Sind, Gujarat and Maratha, of the Dravid and Orissa and Bengal; It echoes in the hills of the Vindhyas and Himalayas, mingles in the music of the Yamuna and Ganga and is chanted by the waves of the Indian Sea. They pray for thy blessings and sing thy praise. The salvation of all people is in thy hand, thou dispenser of India's destiny. Victory, victory, victory to thee." Facts About National Anthem: The song Jan gan man, composed originally in Bengali by Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore, was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of India on 24 January 1950. It was first sung on 27 December 1911 at the Calcutta session of Indian National Congress. Hewas highly influential in introducing the best of Indian culture to the West and vice versa, and he is generally regarded as the outstanding creative artist of the modern Indian subcontinent, being highly commemorated in India and Bangladesh, as well as in Sri Lanka and Nepal. Author of Indian National Anthem: Jan Gan Man. |
| DR. ANURITA KAPUR'S PERSONAL ACHIEVEMENTS Dr. Anurita Kapur, M.D., specializes in Neuro & Psychiatry. Anurita's clinical interests in the field of medicine are in Psychiatry, Neurosurgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery. Anurita's expertise in medical administration is creating and operating Rural Health Clinics in Health Physician Shortage Areas. Anurita will be doing charity medical work projects with many governments of the underdeveloped countries by putting up medical camps and Rural Healh Hospitals for the poor free of cost. Anurita's goal is to advance cures, and means of prevention, catastrophic diseases through research and treatment. Treatment for the victims of trauma to the head, in addition to treating patients with cancerous or benign brain tumors that need to be surgically removed and variety of other issues that are treated by neurosurgeons. New advancements and techniques are being developed to help neurosurgeons treat a number of neurological issues that can be traced to physiological abnormalities that can be repaired via surgery. Anurita is dedicated to promoting mental health, preventing mental disorders and achieving victory over mental illnesses through advocacy education, research and service. See details of topics discussed by Anurita by clicking here >> http://www.livingstonmedicalgroups.com/Medicalinformation.html |
| Dr. Anurita Kapur, M.D.'s Trillion Dollars Medical Projects: International Hospitals Worldwide. Anurita will be partnering with all the countries around the world to create state of the art hospitals with the highest standards, latest equipment & technology and much more.. See details of Anurita's Trillion Dollars Medical Hospitals Worldwide by clicking here then scroll down the page >> http://www.livingstonmedicalgroups.com/EventPhotographs13.html |
Anurita’s medical company is her brain child, in over ten years she has added 21 Medical Services under one banner catering to the needs of patient care, medical doctors and hospitals. Her medical company is the only company in the entire U.S. rendering services nationwide in U.S. & global market. |
| WARNING: Against Stealing Our Names, Information, And Ideas from this or any of our websites: We monitor our websites & investments very carefully. If Anyone, including: individuals, business entities or any organizations steals any of our ideas or falsifies information that they are a part of our company without our consent, we will take strict actions and file fraud charges and pursue a legal lawsuit against such criminal parties to recover and collect damages caused to us by these criminals.. Additionally, we will expose these criminals names in public.. |
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